Frasca Federica, Sorrentino Leonardo, Fracella Matteo, D'Auria Alessandra, Coratti Eleonora, Maddaloni Luca, Bugani Ginevra, Gentile Massimo, Pierangeli Alessandra, d'Ettorre Gabriella, Scagnolari Carolina
Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Jul 20;9(7):166. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed9070166.
In recent decades, increases in temperature and tropical rainfall have facilitated the spread of mosquito species into temperate zones. Mosquitoes are vectors for many viruses, including West Nile virus (WNV) and dengue virus (DENV), and pose a serious threat to public health. This review covers most of the current knowledge on the mosquito species associated with the transmission of WNV and DENV and their geographical distribution and discusses the main vertebrate hosts involved in the cycles of WNV or DENV. It also describes virological and pathogenic aspects of WNV or DENV infection, including emerging concepts linking WNV and DENV to the reproductive system. Furthermore, it provides an epidemiological analysis of the human cases of WNV and DENV reported in Europe, from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2023, with a particular focus on Italy. The first autochthonous cases of DENV infection, with the most likely vector being , have been observed in several European countries in recent years, with a high incidence in Italy in 2023. The lack of treatments and effective vaccines is a serious challenge. Currently, the primary strategy to prevent the spread of WNV and DENV infections in humans remains to limit the spread of mosquitoes.
近几十年来，气温升高和热带地区降雨增多促使蚊虫种类向温带地区扩散。蚊子是包括西尼罗河病毒（WNV）和登革病毒（DENV）在内的多种病毒的传播媒介，对公众健康构成严重威胁。本综述涵盖了目前关于与WNV和DENV传播相关的蚊虫种类及其地理分布的大部分知识，并讨论了WNV或DENV传播周期中涉及的主要脊椎动物宿主。它还描述了WNV或DENV感染的病毒学和病理学方面，包括将WNV和DENV与生殖系统联系起来的新观念。此外，它对2018年1月1日至2023年12月31日在欧洲报告的WNV和DENV人类病例进行了流行病学分析，特别关注了意大利。近年来，在几个欧洲国家都观察到了首例本地登革热病毒感染病例，最可能的传播媒介是[此处原文缺失传播媒介相关内容]，2023年在意大利发病率很高。缺乏治疗方法和有效的疫苗是一个严峻的挑战。目前，预防WNV和DENV在人类中传播的主要策略仍然是限制蚊子的传播。
