Le Foll Bernard, Ng Enoch, Di Ciano Patricia, Trigo José M
Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada,
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2015;24:155-70. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-13482-6_6.
Epidemiological studies indicate a high prevalence of tobacco smoking in subjects with psychiatric disorders. Notably, there is a high prevalence of smoking among those with dependence to other substances, schizophrenia, mood, or anxiety disorders. It has been difficult to understand how these phenomena interact with clinical populations as it is unclear what preceded what in most of the studies. These comorbidities may be best understood by using experimental approaches in well-controlled conditions. Notably, animal models represent advantageous approaches as the parameters under study can be controlled perfectly. This review will focus on evidence collected so far exploring how behavioral effects of nicotine are modified in animal models of psychiatric conditions. Notably, we will focus on behavioral responses induced by nicotine that are relevant for its addictive potential. Despite the clinical relevance and frequency of the comorbidity between psychiatric issues and tobacco smoking, very few studies have been done to explore this issue in animals. The available data suggest that the behavioral and reinforcing effects of nicotine are enhanced in animal models of these comorbidities, although much more experimental work would be required to provide certainty in this domain.
流行病学研究表明，精神疾病患者中吸烟的患病率很高。值得注意的是，在那些对其他物质有依赖、患有精神分裂症、情绪或焦虑症的人群中，吸烟率很高。由于在大多数研究中不清楚因果先后顺序，所以很难理解这些现象是如何与临床人群相互作用的。通过在严格控制的条件下采用实验方法，可能最有助于理解这些共病情况。值得注意的是，动物模型是有利的研究方法，因为所研究的参数可以得到完美控制。本综述将聚焦于目前收集到的证据，探讨在精神疾病动物模型中尼古丁的行为效应是如何被改变的。值得注意的是，我们将关注尼古丁引发的、与其成瘾潜力相关的行为反应。尽管精神疾病与吸烟之间的共病具有临床相关性且较为常见，但在动物身上探索这个问题的研究却很少。现有数据表明，在这些共病的动物模型中，尼古丁的行为和强化效应会增强，不过在这一领域还需要更多的实验工作来确定这一点。
