de la Fuente Juanma, Casasanto Daniel, Santiago Julio
Mind, Brain, and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Spain.
Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, United States.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2015 Mar;156:32-6. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.01.004. Epub 2015 Jan 30.
Right-handers tend to associate "good" with the right side of space and "bad" with the left. This implicit association appears to arise from the way people perform actions, more or less fluently, with their right and left hands. Here we tested whether observing manual actions performed with greater or lesser fluency can affect observers' space-valence associations. In two experiments, we assigned one participant (the actor) to perform a bimanual fine motor task while another participant (the observer) watched. Actors were assigned to wear a ski glove on either the right or left hand, which made performing the actions on this side of space disfluent. In Experiment 1, observers stood behind the actors, sharing their spatial perspective. After motor training, both actors and observers tended to associate "good" with the side of the actors' free hand and "bad" with the side of the gloved hand. To determine whether observers' space-valence associations were computed from their own perspectives or the actors', in Experiment 2 we asked the observer to stand face-to-face with the actor, reversing their spatial perspectives. After motor training, both actors and observers associated "good" with the side of space where disfluent actions had occurred from their own egocentric spatial perspectives; if "good" was associated with the actor's right-hand side it was likely to be associated with the observer's left-hand side. Results show that vicarious experiences of motor fluency can shape valence judgments, and that observers spontaneously encode the locations of fluent and disfluent actions in egocentric spatial coordinates.
惯用右手的人往往将“好”与空间的右侧联系起来，而将“坏”与左侧联系起来。这种隐性关联似乎源于人们用右手和左手执行动作时或多或少的流畅程度。在这里，我们测试了观察流畅程度不同的手动动作是否会影响观察者的空间-效价关联。在两项实验中，我们让一名参与者（执行者）执行一项双手精细运动任务，而另一名参与者（观察者）进行观看。执行者被要求在右手或左手上戴上滑雪手套，这使得在空间的这一侧执行动作变得不流畅。在实验1中，观察者站在执行者身后，共享他们的空间视角。经过运动训练后，执行者和观察者都倾向于将“好”与执行者未戴手套的那只手所在的一侧联系起来，而将“坏”与戴手套的那只手所在的一侧联系起来。为了确定观察者的空间-效价关联是从他们自己的视角还是执行者的视角计算出来的，在实验2中，我们要求观察者与执行者面对面站立，颠倒他们的空间视角。经过运动训练后，执行者和观察者都从自己的自我中心空间视角将“好”与不流畅动作发生的空间一侧联系起来；如果“好”与执行者的右手边相关联，那么它很可能与观察者的左手边相关联。结果表明，运动流畅性的替代性体验可以塑造效价判断，并且观察者会自发地以自我中心空间坐标对流畅和不流畅动作的位置进行编码。
