Trimble William S, Grinstein Sergio
Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
Cell Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5C 1N8, Canada
J Cell Biol. 2015 Feb 2;208(3):259-71. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201410071.
Biological membranes segregate into specialized functional domains of distinct composition, which can persist for the entire life of the cell. How separation of their lipid and (glyco)protein components is generated and maintained is not well understood, but the existence of diffusional barriers has been proposed. Remarkably, the physical nature of such barriers and the manner whereby they impede the free diffusion of molecules in the plane of the membrane has rarely been studied in depth. Moreover, alternative mechanisms capable of generating membrane inhomogeneity are often disregarded. Here we describe prototypical biological systems where membrane segregation has been amply documented and discuss the role of diffusional barriers and other processes in the generation and maintenance of their structural and functional compartmentalization.
生物膜会分离成具有不同组成的特殊功能域，这些功能域可在细胞的整个生命周期中持续存在。目前对于其脂质和（糖）蛋白成分如何产生并维持分离状态尚不清楚，但已有研究提出存在扩散屏障。值得注意的是，此类屏障的物理性质以及它们在膜平面内阻碍分子自由扩散的方式很少得到深入研究。此外，能够产生膜不均匀性的其他机制也常常被忽视。在此，我们描述了已充分记录膜分离现象的典型生物系统，并讨论了扩散屏障和其他过程在其结构和功能区室化的产生及维持中的作用。
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