Casamenti Fiorella, Grossi Cristina, Rigacci Stefania, Pantano Daniela, Luccarini Ilaria, Stefani Massimo
Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;45(3):679-88. doi: 10.3233/JAD-142850.
The amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles found in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain arise as a result of self-assembly into fibrillar material of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau, respectively, through a pathological process starting with the appearance of aggregation nuclei and neurotoxic oligomers. Accordingly, the search of inhibitors of oligomer nucleation and growth is considered a promising target to prevent amyloid toxicity. In recent years, a number of dietary factors including antioxidants, vitamins, and polyphenols have been characterized for their ability to protect cells stressed by several factors including the presence of amyloid deposits as well as to inhibit amyloid self-assembly and cytotoxicity and some of them are currently in clinical trial. The present review summarizes the findings on the beneficial effects against neurodegeneration and other peripheral inflammatory and degenerative diseases of oleuropein aglycone (OLE), a natural phenol abundant in the extra virgin olive oil. The data presently available suggest that OLE could provide a protective and therapeutic effect against a number of pathologies, including AD as well as obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic hepatitis, and other natural or experimentally-induced pathological conditions. Such a protection could result, at least in part, in a remarkable improvement of the pathological signs arising from stress conditions including oxidative stress, an excessive inflammatory response, and the presence of cytotoxic aggregated material. In particular, the recent data on the cellular and molecular correlates of OLE neuroprotection suggest it could also play a therapeutic role against AD.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）大脑中发现的淀粉样斑块和神经原纤维缠结，分别是由淀粉样β蛋白（Aβ）和过度磷酸化的tau蛋白自组装成纤维状物质而产生的，这一病理过程始于聚集核和神经毒性寡聚体的出现。因此，寻找寡聚体成核和生长的抑制剂被认为是预防淀粉样毒性的一个有前景的靶点。近年来，包括抗氧化剂、维生素和多酚在内的多种饮食因素，因其能够保护受到多种因素（包括淀粉样沉积物的存在）胁迫的细胞，以及抑制淀粉样蛋白的自组装和细胞毒性而得到了表征，其中一些目前正在进行临床试验。本综述总结了橄榄苦苷苷元（OLE）对神经退行性疾病以及其他外周炎症和退行性疾病有益作用的研究结果，OLE是一种富含在特级初榨橄榄油中的天然酚类物质。目前可得的数据表明，OLE可以对多种疾病提供保护和治疗作用，包括AD以及肥胖症、2型糖尿病、非酒精性肝炎和其他自然或实验诱导的病理状况。这种保护作用至少部分可能源于显著改善由应激条件引起的病理体征，包括氧化应激、过度的炎症反应以及细胞毒性聚集物质的存在。特别是，最近关于OLE神经保护作用的细胞和分子相关性的数据表明，它也可能对AD起到治疗作用。
