Hornedo-Ortega Ruth, Cerezo Ana B, de Pablos Rocío M, Krisa Stéphanie, Richard Tristan, García-Parrilla M Carmen, Troncoso Ana M
MIB, Unité de Recherche Oenologie, EA4577, USC 1366 INRA, ISVV, Unive. de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal, Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2018 Oct 23;12:373. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00373. eCollection 2018.
Neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of quite a number of Central Nervous System diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson's disease among others. The hallmark of brain neuroinflammation is the activation of microglia, which are the immune resident cells in the brain and represents the first line of defense when injury or disease occur. Microglial activated cells can adopt different phenotypes to carry out its diverse functions. Thus, the shift into pro-inflammatory/neurotoxic or anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotypes, depending of the brain environment, has totally changed the understanding of microglia in neurodegenerative disease. For this reason, novel therapeutic strategies which aim to modify the microglia polarization are being developed. Additionally, the understanding of how nutrition may influence the prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has grown greatly in recent years. The protective role of Mediterranean diet (MD) in preventing neurodegenerative diseases has been reported in a number of studies. The Mediterranean dietary pattern includes as distinctive features the moderate intake of red wine and extra virgin olive oil, both of them rich in polyphenolic compounds, such as resveratrol, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol and their derivatives, which have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on microglia on studies. This review summarizes our understanding of the role of dietary phenolic compounds characteristic of the MD in mitigating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, including explanation regarding their bioavailability, metabolism and blood-brain barrier.
神经炎症是许多中枢神经系统疾病的病理特征，如阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等。脑内神经炎症的标志是小胶质细胞的激活，小胶质细胞是脑内的免疫常驻细胞，在损伤或疾病发生时代表第一道防线。小胶质细胞激活后可呈现不同表型以执行其多样的功能。因此，根据脑内环境转变为促炎/神经毒性或抗炎/神经保护表型，彻底改变了我们对神经退行性疾病中小胶质细胞的认识。出于这个原因，旨在改变小胶质细胞极化的新型治疗策略正在被开发。此外，近年来人们对营养如何影响神经退行性疾病的预防和/或治疗的认识有了很大提高。多项研究报道了地中海饮食（MD）在预防神经退行性疾病方面的保护作用。地中海饮食模式的显著特点包括适量摄入红酒和特级初榨橄榄油，它们都富含多酚类化合物，如白藜芦醇、橄榄苦苷和羟基酪醇及其衍生物，这些化合物在研究中已证明对小胶质细胞有抗炎作用。本综述总结了我们对MD中典型膳食酚类化合物在减轻小胶质细胞介导的神经炎症方面作用的理解，包括对其生物利用度、代谢和血脑屏障的解释。
