McGregor Alastair C, Wright Stephen G
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK, and Imported Fever Service, Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, Public Health England, Porton Down, UK.
Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, UK, and consultant physician, King Edward VII Hospital, London, UK
Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Feb;15(1):93-5. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-1-93.
Diarrhoea is probably the single most common medical complaint in returning travellers. The most common pathogens are entero-toxigenic Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella and Campylobacter. Viruses, toxigenic Arcobacter and Bacteroides fragilis, as well as parasites such as Cryptosporidium sp, are increasingly recognised but are not tested for in most diagnostic laboratories. Blood in stools is a sign of invasive disease and should trigger exclusion of invasive amoebic disease. The use of empiric antibiotics may shorten illness but is complicated by the diversity of bacterial causes and emerging resistance.
腹泻可能是归国旅行者最常见的单一医学病症。最常见的病原体是产肠毒素大肠杆菌、志贺氏菌、沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌。病毒、产毒素嗜水气单胞菌和脆弱拟杆菌，以及隐孢子虫等寄生虫越来越受到关注，但大多数诊断实验室并不对其进行检测。便血是侵袭性疾病的征兆，应排查侵袭性阿米巴病。经验性使用抗生素可能会缩短病程，但由于细菌病因的多样性和新出现的耐药性而变得复杂。
