Yang Yingying, Merrill Edward C
a University of Alabama.
J Genet Psychol. 2015 Jan-Apr;176(1-2):11-25. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2014.995585. Epub 2015 Feb 4.
Contextual cueing effects of 6-8-year-old children, 10-12-year-old-children, and college students were compared under conditions in which some of the distracters in the search displays predicted the location of the target and other distracters did not. More specifically, the percent of distracters that predicted the location of the target varied across three conditions (100%, 67%, and 33%). Previous research had indicated that children are impacted more than adults when the percent of predictive distracters is relatively low. However, that research included new displays as well as repeated displays as participants were implicitly learning the association between the predictive distracters and the target. This re-evaluation did not introduce new display until a separate test phase. Results suggested that all three age groups demonstrated significant and comparable contextual cueing effects across all three signal-to-noise ratio conditions. Hence, children appear to possess the general ability to extract and remember information associated with spatial regularities in the presence of considerable spatial noise. In addition, contextual cueing effects were linked to improvements in search efficiency for all groups in this study, providing another degree of similarity across variations in age.
在搜索显示中的一些干扰项能预测目标位置而其他干扰项不能的条件下，对6至8岁儿童、10至12岁儿童和大学生的情境线索效应进行了比较。更具体地说，预测目标位置的干扰项百分比在三种条件下有所不同（100%、67%和33%）。先前的研究表明，当预测性干扰项的百分比相对较低时，儿童比成年人受到的影响更大。然而，该研究包括新的显示以及重复的显示，因为参与者在隐性学习预测性干扰项与目标之间的关联。这种重新评估直到单独的测试阶段才引入新的显示。结果表明，在所有三种信噪比条件下，所有三个年龄组都表现出显著且相当的情境线索效应。因此，在存在大量空间噪声的情况下，儿童似乎具备提取和记忆与空间规律相关信息的一般能力。此外，在本研究中，情境线索效应与所有组的搜索效率提高相关，这在年龄差异方面提供了另一个相似程度。
