Merrill Edward C, Conners Frances A, Yang Yingying, Weathington Dana
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Oct;35(10):2341-51. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.026. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
Two experiments were conducted to compare the acquisition of contextual cueing effects of adolescents and young adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) relative to typically developing children and young adults. Contextual cueing reflects an implicit, memory based attention guidance mechanism that results in faster search for target locations that have been previously experienced in a predictable context. In the study, participants located a target stimulus embedded in a context of numerous distracter stimuli. During a learning phase, the location of the target was predictable from the location of the distracters in the search displays. We then compared response times to locating predictable relative to unpredictable targets presented in a test phase. In Experiment 1, all of the distracters predicted the location of the target. In Experiment 2, half of the distracters predicted the location of the target while the other half varied randomly. The participants with ID exhibited significant contextual facilitation in both experiments, with the magnitude of facilitation being similar to that of the typically developing (TD) children and adults. We concluded that deficiencies in contextual cueing are not necessarily associated with low measured intelligence that results in a classification of ID.
进行了两项实验，以比较患有智力障碍（ID）的青少年和青年与发育正常的儿童和青年在情境线索效应获取方面的情况。情境线索反映了一种基于记忆的内隐注意引导机制，该机制会使人们更快地搜索在可预测情境中先前出现过的目标位置。在该研究中，参与者要在众多干扰刺激的情境中找出目标刺激。在学习阶段，从搜索显示中干扰项的位置可以预测目标的位置。然后，我们比较了在测试阶段定位可预测目标与不可预测目标时的反应时间。在实验1中，所有干扰项都能预测目标的位置。在实验2中，一半干扰项能预测目标的位置，而另一半则随机变化。患有ID的参与者在两项实验中均表现出显著的情境促进作用，促进程度与发育正常（TD）的儿童和成年人相似。我们得出结论，情境线索方面的缺陷不一定与导致ID分类的低测量智力相关。
