Zeppegno Patrizia, Gramaglia Carla, Castello Luigi Mario, Bert Fabrizio, Gualano Maria Rosaria, Ressico Francesca, Coppola Isabella, Avanzi Gian Carlo, Siliquini Roberta, Torre Eugenio
BMC Psychiatry. 2015 Feb 5;15:13. doi: 10.1186/s12888-015-0392-2.
Suicidal behaviours are major public health concerns worldwide. They are associated with risk factors that vary with age and gender, occur in combination, and may change over time. The aim of our study was to investigate how frequently patients visiting a hospital emergency room (ER) require a psychiatric consultation for attempted suicide, and to outline the characteristics of this population.
Determinants of emergency room visits for psychiatric reasons were studied prospectively from 2008 to 2011 at the "Maggiore" Hospital in Novara.
280 out of 1888 patients requiring psychiatric consultation were referred to the ER because of suicide attempt. Suicide attempters were more often female. The rate of suicide attempters among Italian people was 14.2%, compared to 19.5% in foreigners. Subjects living with parents or own family and those having a permanent job had a higher frequency of suicide attempt. Suicide attempts were more frequent among patients with a history of psychiatric disorders; nonetheless, suicide attempts were more common among those who had not previously been hospitalized in a psychiatric ward or were not under the care of a psychiatrist. The multivariate analysis found that female gender was a risk factor for suicide attempt, while being in the colder months of the year and, surprisingly, unemployment were protective factors.
A better understanding of patients referring to the ER due to attempted suicide may allow the identification of at-risk subjects and the implementation of targeted treatment approaches.
自杀行为是全球主要的公共卫生问题。它们与随年龄和性别而变化的风险因素相关，这些因素相互交织，且可能随时间而改变。我们研究的目的是调查前往医院急诊室（ER）的患者因自杀未遂而需要精神科会诊的频率，并概述这一人群的特征。
2008年至2011年，在诺瓦拉的“马焦雷”医院对因精神科原因前往急诊室就诊的决定因素进行了前瞻性研究。
在1888名需要精神科会诊的患者中，有280名因自杀未遂被转诊至急诊室。自杀未遂者女性居多。意大利人的自杀未遂率为14.2%，外国人则为19.5%。与父母或自己家人同住以及有固定工作的人自杀未遂的频率较高。有精神疾病史的患者自杀未遂更为频繁；然而，自杀未遂在那些以前未曾在精神科病房住院或未接受精神科医生治疗的人中更为常见。多变量分析发现，女性是自杀未遂的一个风险因素，而在一年中较寒冷的月份以及令人惊讶的是失业是保护因素。
更好地了解因自杀未遂而前往急诊室的患者，可能有助于识别高危人群并实施有针对性的治疗方法。
