Nozad Shahram, Ramin Ali-Gholi, Asri Rezaie Siamak
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Vet Res Forum. 2012 Fall;3(4):281-5.
Milk samples from high and low milk producer Holstein cows, were obtained during the morning and afternoon milking over a one week period. Overall, 1064 samples were tested within 14 times sampling in Urmia, Iran. Milk macro-mineral concentrations in the morning milking and in low producers were greater than in the afternoon and in high producers. The highest and lowest concentrations were observed in Na(+) and Mg(++), respectively. Mean milk values between low and high producers in the morning, afternoon and daily milking times were different (p < 0.05). The individual comparison of milk parameters between both groups in the different milking times were also different (p < 0.05). The results of correlation among macro-minerals in the morning, afternoon and overall milking showed significant and positive correlations among all macro-minerals except for Na(+) and K(+), in which there was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05). The highest and lowest correlations were found between Ca(++) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) (r=0.37, p < 0.05) and Na(+) and IP (r=0.10, p < 0.05), respectively. It is concluded that the concentration of macro-minerals in different producers varied between milking times. The sodium concentration was the highest while Mg(++) was the lowest among macro-minerals. The correlation between Ca(++)/ IP was the highest, while Na(+)/K(+) revealed a negative correlation. Therefore, by organizing the appropriate macro-minerals in the ration, it would be possible to achieve an optimal purpose from animal husbandry.
在一周的时间里，于上午和下午挤奶时采集了高产和低产荷斯坦奶牛的牛奶样本。总体而言，在伊朗乌尔米耶进行了14次采样，共检测了1064个样本。上午挤奶时以及低产奶牛的牛奶常量矿物质浓度高于下午挤奶时以及高产奶牛。钠（Na⁺）和镁（Mg²⁺）的浓度分别为最高和最低。上午、下午以及全天挤奶时低产和高产奶牛的平均牛奶值存在差异（p < 0.05）。不同挤奶时间两组之间牛奶参数的个体比较也存在差异（p < 0.05）。上午、下午以及总体挤奶时常量矿物质之间的相关性结果显示，除了钠（Na⁺）和钾（K⁺）之间存在显著负相关（p < 0.05）外，所有常量矿物质之间均存在显著正相关。钙（Ca²⁺）与无机磷（IP）之间的相关性最高（r = 0.37，p < 0.05），钠（Na⁺）与无机磷（IP）之间的相关性最低（r = 0.10，p < 0.05）。得出的结论是，不同产奶量的奶牛在不同挤奶时间的常量矿物质浓度有所不同。在常量矿物质中，钠的浓度最高，而镁（Mg²⁺）的浓度最低。钙（Ca²⁺）/无机磷（IP）之间的相关性最高，而钠（Na⁺）/钾（K⁺）呈负相关。因此，通过在日粮中合理搭配常量矿物质，有可能实现畜牧业的最佳目标。
