Bomba A, Králicek L, Zitnan R, Králiceková E, Polácek M
Ustav experimentálnej veterinárnej medicíny, Kosice.
Vet Med (Praha). 1993;38(3):141-50.
Concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium (Tab. I) were followed in the blood serum of calves in the period of milk diet and weaning (at the age of nine weeks), and the results were evaluated with respect to their deviations from the reference values. The average concentrations of calcium and inorganic phosphorus did not show any significant variations and they were within the range of reference values. Magnesium concentrations in the blood serum of calves on all-vegetable diet (11 weeks of age) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in comparison with the starting value (at the age of two weeks) while they approached the lower boundary of reference range as late as at the age of nine weeks (Fig. 1). The highest percentage of hypocalcaemia (33.3%) and hypophosphataemia (47.3%) in individual animals was determined at weaning. The highest level of hypomagnesaemia was observed at the age of two and five weeks (57.1% of the calves). The subnormal values of the mentioned parameters were markedly adjusted in the calves on all-vegetable diet (Fig. 2). The concentrations of serum sodium and potassium (Fig. 3) were decreasing in the calves on milk diet, but after weaning they were stabilized at the values which were recorded at the age of five weeks (Na 146.3 mmol/l and K 5.19 mmol/l). With the exception of weaning, the average sodium concentrations in the blood serum of calves were slightly above the upper boundary of the reference range, their significant drop was observed only at weaning (p < 0.05). The concentrations of serum potassium were within the range of reference values except the values at the age of two weeks and the potassium concentrations in the serum were significantly lower at the age of 5, 9 and 11 weeks in comparison with the starting value (p < 0.01). The highest percentage of hypernatraemia (81%) and hyperkalaemia (85.7%) was determined in individual animals at the age of two weeks (Fig. 4).
在犊牛的哺乳期和断奶期（9周龄），对其血清中的钙、无机磷、镁、钠和钾浓度（表I）进行了跟踪监测，并根据其与参考值的偏差对结果进行了评估。钙和无机磷的平均浓度没有显示出任何显著变化，且都在参考值范围内。全素食犊牛（11周龄）血清中的镁浓度与起始值（2周龄）相比显著升高（p < 0.01），而直到9周龄时才接近参考范围的下限（图1）。在断奶时，个体动物中低钙血症（33.3%）和低磷血症（47.3%）的比例最高。在2周龄和5周龄时观察到低镁血症的最高水平（57.1%的犊牛）。全素食犊牛中上述参数的低于正常的值得到了明显调整（图2）。牛奶喂养的犊牛血清钠和钾浓度（图3）在下降，但断奶后它们稳定在5周龄时记录的值（钠146.3 mmol/l和钾5.19 mmol/l）。除断奶外，犊牛血清中的平均钠浓度略高于参考范围的上限，仅在断奶时观察到其显著下降（p < 0.05）。血清钾浓度在参考值范围内，但2周龄时的值除外，并且与起始值相比，血清钾浓度在5周龄、9周龄和11周龄时显著降低（p < 0.01）。在个体动物中，2周龄时高钠血症（81%）和高钾血症（85.7%）的比例最高（图4）。
