O'Donoghue Lisa, Kapetanankis Venediktos V, McClelland Julie F, Logan Nicola S, Owen Christopher G, Saunders Kathryn J, Rudnicka Alicja R
School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015 Feb 5;56(3):1524-30. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-15549.
We explored risk factors for myopia in 12- to 13-year-old children in Northern Ireland (NI).
Stratified random sampling was performed to obtain representation of schools and children. Cycloplegia was achieved using cyclopentolate hydrochloride 1%. Distance autorefraction was measured using the Shin-Nippon SRW-5000 device. Height and weight were measured. Parents and children completed a questionnaire, including questions on parental history of myopia, sociodemographic factors, childhood levels of near vision, and physical activity to identify potential risk factors for myopia. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent ≤-0.50 diopters (D) in either eye.
Data from 661 white children aged 12- to 13-years showed that regular physical activity was associated with a lower estimated prevalence of myopia compared to sedentary lifestyles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46 adjusted for age, sex, deprivation score, family size, school type, urbanicity; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-0.90; P for trend = 0.027). The odds of myopia were more than 2.5 times higher among children attending academically-selective schools (adjusted OR = 2.66; 95% CI, 1.48-4.78) compared to nonacademically-selective schools. There was no evidence of an effect of urban versus nonurban environment on the odds of myopia. Compared to children with no myopic parents, children with one or both parents being myopic were 2.91 times (95% CI, 1.54-5.52) and 7.79 times (95% CI, 2.93-20.67) more likely to have myopia, respectively.
In NI children, parental history of myopia and type of schooling are important determinants of myopia. The association between myopia and an environmental factor, such as physical activity levels, may provide insight into preventive strategies.
我们探究了北爱尔兰（NI）12至13岁儿童近视的风险因素。
采用分层随机抽样以获取学校和儿童的代表性样本。使用1%盐酸环喷托酯实现睫状肌麻痹。使用日本新光SRW - 5000设备测量远距离自动验光。测量身高和体重。家长和孩子完成一份问卷，包括关于父母近视病史、社会人口统计学因素、儿童近视力水平以及体育活动的问题，以确定近视的潜在风险因素。近视定义为任一眼睛的等效球镜度≤ -0.50屈光度（D）。
661名12至13岁白人儿童的数据显示，与久坐不动的生活方式相比，经常进行体育活动与较低的近视估计患病率相关（优势比[OR] = 0.46，经年龄、性别、贫困得分、家庭规模、学校类型、城市化程度调整；95%置信区间[CI]，0.23 - 0.90；趋势P值 = 0.027）。与非学术选拔学校的儿童相比，就读学术选拔学校的儿童近视几率高出2.5倍以上（调整后OR = 2.66；95% CI，1.48 - 4.78）。没有证据表明城市与非城市环境对近视几率有影响。与父母无近视的儿童相比，父母一方或双方近视的儿童患近视的可能性分别高2.91倍（95% CI，1.54 - 5.52）和7.79倍（95% CI，2.93 - 20.67）。
在北爱尔兰儿童中，父母近视病史和学校类型是近视的重要决定因素。近视与体育活动水平等环境因素之间的关联可能为预防策略提供见解。
