南非的健康风险与非正规就业：正规化能保障健康吗？
Health risks and informal employment in South Africa: does formality protect health?
作者信息
Alfers L, Rogan M
出版信息
Int J Occup Environ Health. 2015 Jul-Sep;21(3):207-15. doi: 10.1179/2049396714Y.0000000066. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
BACKGROUND
The association between work and health has not been well explored in the context of economically developing countries, largely due to inadequate data.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to identify the association between informal wage work and health in South Africa using a newly available data set that includes detailed information on both employment and health.
METHODS
To explore the relationship between formality, work, and health in South Africa, data from the first (2008) wave of the National Income Dynamic Study (NIDS) were analyzed. We constructed a "formality index" which represents work arrangements on a continuum of formality to informality allowing for a more nuanced analysis of the association between wage work and health.
RESULTS
We found that formality of employment was significantly associated with health in South Africa, but that the protective effect of formality in employment on health was largely derived from the higher levels of income earned through more formal types of employment. Nevertheless, we did find that the association between informality and poor health was significantly greater for women in wage employment than for males.
背景
在经济发展中国家的背景下，工作与健康之间的关联尚未得到充分探究，这在很大程度上是由于数据不足。
目的
本研究的目的是利用一个新获得的数据集来确定南非非正规有薪工作与健康之间的关联，该数据集包含有关就业和健康的详细信息。
方法
为了探究南非的正规性、工作与健康之间的关系，我们分析了国民收入动态研究（NIDS）第一轮（2008年）的数据。我们构建了一个“正规性指数”，该指数在从正规到非正规的连续统一体上表示工作安排，以便对有薪工作与健康之间的关联进行更细致入微的分析。
结果
我们发现，在南非，就业的正规性与健康显著相关，但就业正规性对健康的保护作用在很大程度上源于通过更正规的就业类型获得的较高收入水平。然而，我们确实发现，有薪就业的女性中，非正规性与健康状况不佳之间的关联比男性显著更大。
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