Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, B.P. 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2015 Mar;15(3):361-74. doi: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1009449. Epub 2015 Feb 8.
miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that control post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They are found ubiquitously in tissue and body fluids and participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Due to these characteristics and their stability, miRNAs could serve as biomarkers of different pathologies of the kidney. Urine is a non-invasive reservoir of molecules, especially indicative of the urinary system. In this review, we focus on urinary miRNAs and their potential to serve as biomarkers in kidney disease. Past studies show that urinary miRNAs correlate with renal dysfunctions and with processes involved in the pathophysiology. However, these studies also stress the need for future research focusing on large-scale studies to confirm the usability of urinary miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of different kidney diseases in clinical practice.
miRNAs 是一类短链非编码 RNA，可在转录后调控基因表达。它们广泛存在于组织和体液中，参与多种疾病的发病机制。由于这些特性及其稳定性，miRNAs 可以作为肾脏不同病理状态的生物标志物。尿液是一种非侵入性的分子储存库，尤其能反映泌尿系统的情况。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍尿液中的 miRNAs 及其作为肾脏疾病生物标志物的潜力。既往研究表明，尿液中的 miRNAs 与肾脏功能障碍以及参与病理生理学过程的指标相关。然而，这些研究也强调需要进一步开展大规模研究，以确认尿液 miRNAs 是否可作为不同肾脏疾病在临床实践中的诊断和/或预后标志物。
