Department of Biotechnology, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.
Virus Res. 2015 Mar 16;200:45-55. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.022. Epub 2015 Feb 3.
The main cellular target for African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the porcine macrophage. However, existing data about the early phases of infection were previously characterized in non-leukocyte cells such as Vero cells. Here, we report that ASFV enters the natural host cell using dynamin-dependent and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. This pathway is strongly pH-dependent during the first steps of infection in porcine macrophages. We investigated the effect of drugs inhibiting several endocytic pathways in macrophages and compared ASFV with vaccinia virus (VV), which apparently involves different entry pathways. The presence of cholesterol in cellular membranes was found to be essential for a productive ASFV infection while actin-dependent endocytosis and the participation of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activity were other cellular factors required in the process of viral entry. These findings improved our understanding of the ASFV interactions with macrophages that allow for successful viral replication.
非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的主要细胞靶标是猪巨噬细胞。然而，之前关于感染早期阶段的现有数据是在非白细胞细胞（如 Vero 细胞）中进行描述的。在这里，我们报告 ASFV 使用依赖于胞吞作用的网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入天然宿主细胞。在猪巨噬细胞感染的最初步骤中，该途径在 pH 值依赖性很强。我们研究了抑制巨噬细胞中几种胞吞途径的药物的作用，并将 ASFV 与痘苗病毒（VV）进行了比较，VV 显然涉及不同的进入途径。发现细胞内胆固醇的存在对于 ASFV 的有效感染是必不可少的，而肌动蛋白依赖性内吞作用和磷酸肌醇-3-激酶（PI3K）活性的参与是病毒进入过程中所需的其他细胞因子。这些发现增进了我们对 ASFV 与巨噬细胞相互作用的理解，这些相互作用允许病毒成功复制。
