Yang Albert C, Hong Chen-Jee, Liou Yin-Jay, Huang Kai-Lin, Huang Chu-Chung, Liu Mu-En, Lo Men-Tzung, Huang Norden E, Peng Chung-Kang, Lin Ching-Po, Tsai Shih-Jen
Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Dynamical Biomarkers and Translational Medicine, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan; Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2015 Jun;36(6):2174-86. doi: 10.1002/hbm.22763. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Schizophrenia is characterized by heterogeneous pathophysiology. Using multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis, which enables capturing complex dynamics of time series, we characterized MSE patterns of blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals across different time scales and determined whether BOLD activity in patients with schizophrenia exhibits increased complexity (increased entropy in all time scales), decreased complexity toward regularity (decreased entropy in all time scales), or decreased complexity toward uncorrelated randomness (high entropy in short time scales followed by decayed entropy as the time scale increases). We recruited 105 patients with schizophrenia with an age of onset between 18 and 35 years and 210 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Results showed that MSE of BOLD signals in patients with schizophrenia exhibited two routes of decreased BOLD complexity toward either regular or random patterns. Reduced BOLD complexity toward regular patterns was observed in the cerebellum and temporal, middle, and superior frontal regions, and reduced BOLD complexity toward randomness was observed extensively in the inferior frontal, occipital, and postcentral cortices as well as in the insula and middle cingulum. Furthermore, we determined that the two types of complexity change were associated differently with psychopathology; specifically, the regular type of BOLD complexity change was associated with positive symptoms of schizophrenia, whereas the randomness type of BOLD complexity was associated with negative symptoms of the illness. These results collectively suggested that resting-state dynamics in schizophrenia exhibit two routes of pathologic change toward regular or random patterns, which contribute to the differences in syndrome domains of psychosis in patients with schizophrenia.
精神分裂症具有异质性的病理生理学特征。我们使用多尺度熵（MSE）分析来捕捉时间序列的复杂动态，以此来表征不同时间尺度下血氧水平依赖（BOLD）信号的MSE模式，并确定精神分裂症患者的BOLD活动是否表现出复杂性增加（所有时间尺度下熵增加）、向规律性降低的复杂性（所有时间尺度下熵降低）或向不相关随机性降低的复杂性（短时间尺度下高熵，随后随着时间尺度增加熵衰减）。我们招募了105名发病年龄在18至35岁之间的精神分裂症患者以及210名年龄和性别匹配的健康志愿者。结果显示，精神分裂症患者BOLD信号的MSE呈现出两种BOLD复杂性降低的途径，分别趋向于规则或随机模式。在小脑以及颞叶、额中回和额上回区域观察到向规则模式的BOLD复杂性降低，而在额下回、枕叶和中央后回皮质以及岛叶和扣带中回广泛观察到向随机模式的BOLD复杂性降低。此外，我们确定这两种复杂性变化与精神病理学的关联不同；具体而言，BOLD复杂性变化的规则类型与精神分裂症的阳性症状相关，而BOLD复杂性的随机类型与该疾病的阴性症状相关。这些结果共同表明，精神分裂症的静息态动力学呈现出两种向规则或随机模式的病理变化途径，这导致了精神分裂症患者精神病综合征领域的差异。
