D'elia Angelo, Newstead Stuart
a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Monash Injury Research Institute , Victoria , Australia.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2015;16(7):709-14. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2014.1003819. Epub 2015 Feb 9.
Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable road users in terms of their risk of serious injury when involved in a collision with a vehicle. In Australia, around 200 pedestrians are killed in road crashes annually and over 2,000 are seriously injured. The objective of the current study was to analyze pedestrian death and injury risk by body region across 10 light passenger and commercial vehicle market groups in Victoria, Australia.
This study utilized police-reported crash data linked to insurance injury compensation claims data during the period 2001-2010 to determine whether pedestrian injury outcome is a function of colliding vehicle type. Logistic regression models were developed to measure the risk of pedestrian death or injury as a function of vehicle market group for 4 body region groupings, namely, all body regions; the head, face, or neck; the thorax; and the lower extremities (including pelvis).
Analysis focused on head, face, or neck injury found that pedestrians struck by small cars, people movers, large sport utility vehicles (SUVs), vans, or utility vehicles had statistically significantly higher odds of death or injury compared to large cars. When the analysis focused on thoracic injury, it was again found that pedestrians struck by large SUVs and vans had statistically significantly higher odds of death injury compared to large cars. In particular, the odds of death or thoracic injury is 74.4% higher for large SUVs compared to large cars. Analysis focused on lower extremity injury found no market group with statistically significant different odds of death or injury compared to large cars at the 5% level; however, medium cars and vans were found to have statistically significantly lower odds of death or lower extremity injury at the 10% level.
The results suggest that the increasing popularity of vehicles such as SUVs has the potential to lead to an increase in the level of pedestrian road trauma. With the general trend toward the use of larger vehicles, the results provide validation of the importance of improved vehicle design and the incorporation of new pedestrian safety features.
行人在与车辆碰撞时面临严重受伤风险，是道路使用者中最脆弱的群体之一。在澳大利亚，每年约有200名行人死于道路交通事故，2000多人受重伤。本研究的目的是分析澳大利亚维多利亚州10个轻型客车和商用车市场组中行人各身体部位的死亡和受伤风险。
本研究利用2001年至2010年期间警方报告的碰撞事故数据与保险伤害赔偿索赔数据相链接，以确定行人受伤结果是否是碰撞车辆类型的函数。建立逻辑回归模型，以测量4个身体部位分组（即所有身体部位；头部、面部或颈部；胸部；下肢（包括骨盆））行人死亡或受伤风险与车辆市场组的函数关系。
对头部、面部或颈部受伤的分析发现，与大型汽车相比，被小型汽车、多用途汽车、大型运动型多用途汽车（SUV）、厢式货车或多用途车辆撞击的行人死亡或受伤几率在统计学上显著更高。当分析集中在胸部受伤时，再次发现与大型汽车相比，被大型SUV和厢式货车撞击的行人死亡受伤几率在统计学上显著更高。特别是，大型SUV与大型汽车相比，死亡或胸部受伤几率高出74.4%。对下肢受伤的分析发现，在5%的水平上，没有市场组与大型汽车相比在统计学上有显著不同的死亡或受伤几率；然而，在10%的水平上，中型汽车和厢式货车被发现死亡或下肢受伤几率在统计学上显著更低。
结果表明，SUV等车辆的日益普及有可能导致行人道路创伤水平上升。随着使用更大车辆的总体趋势，结果验证了改进车辆设计和纳入新的行人安全特征的重要性。
