网络2.0上言论自由度的提高与将疫苗与自闭症联系起来的观点占主导地位相关。
Greater freedom of speech on Web 2.0 correlates with dominance of views linking vaccines to autism.
作者信息
Venkatraman Anand, Garg Neetika, Kumar Nilay
机构信息
Department of Neurology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Sparks Center Suite 350, 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
出版信息
Vaccine. 2015 Mar 17;33(12):1422-5. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.078. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
INTRODUCTION
It is suspected that Web 2.0 web sites, with a lot of user-generated content, often support viewpoints that link autism to vaccines.
METHODS
We assessed the prevalence of the views supporting a link between vaccines and autism online by comparing YouTube, Google and Wikipedia with PubMed. Freedom of speech is highest on YouTube and progressively decreases for the others.
RESULTS
Support for a link between vaccines and autism is most prominent on YouTube, followed by Google search results. It is far lower on Wikipedia and PubMed. Anti-vaccine activists use scientific arguments, certified physicians and official-sounding titles to gain credibility, while also leaning on celebrity endorsement and personalized stories.
CONCLUSIONS
Online communities with greater freedom of speech lead to a dominance of anti-vaccine voices. Moderation of content by editors can offer balance between free expression and factual accuracy. Health communicators and medical institutions need to step up their activity on the Internet.
引言
人们怀疑，拥有大量用户生成内容的Web 2.0网站常常支持将自闭症与疫苗联系起来的观点。
方法
我们通过将YouTube、谷歌和维基百科与医学期刊数据库（PubMed）进行比较，评估了网上支持疫苗与自闭症之间存在联系的观点的流行程度。YouTube上的言论自由度最高，其他平台的言论自由度则逐渐降低。
结果
支持疫苗与自闭症之间存在联系的观点在YouTube上最为突出，其次是谷歌搜索结果。在维基百科和医学期刊数据库上，这种观点的支持率要低得多。反疫苗活动人士利用科学论据、有资质的医生以及听起来很官方的头衔来获取可信度，同时还借助名人背书和个人化故事。
结论
言论自由度较高的在线社区导致了反疫苗声音占据主导地位。编辑对内容进行审核可以在自由表达和事实准确性之间实现平衡。健康传播者和医疗机构需要加强在互联网上的活动。
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