Khan M Nadeem, Pichichero Michael E
a Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunology; Rochester General Hospital Research Institute ; Rochester , NY USA.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(12):3688-99. doi: 10.4161/21645515.2014.979631.
The human nasopharynx (NP) microbiota is complex and diverse and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a frequent member. In the first few years of life, children experience maturation of their immune system thereby conferring homeostatic balance in which pneumococci are typically rendered as harmless colonizers in the upper respiratory environment. Pneumococcal carriage declines in many children before they acquire capsular-specific antibodies, suggesting a capsule antibody-independent mechanism of natural protection against pneumococcal carriage in early childhood. A child's immune system in the first few years of life is Th2-skewed so as to avoid inflammation-induced immunopathology. Understanding Th1/Th2 and Th17 ontogeny in early life and how adjuvant vaccine formulations shift the balance of T helper-cell differentiation, may facilitate the development of new protein-based pneumococcal vaccines. This article will discuss the immune dynamics of pneumococcal colonization in infants. The discussion aims to benefit the design and improvement of protein subunit-based next-generation pneumococcal vaccines.
人类鼻咽（NP）微生物群复杂多样，肺炎链球菌（肺炎球菌）是其中的常见成员。在生命的最初几年，儿童的免疫系统逐渐成熟，从而实现体内稳态平衡，在这种平衡状态下，肺炎球菌通常在上呼吸道环境中作为无害的定植菌存在。许多儿童在获得荚膜特异性抗体之前，肺炎球菌携带率就会下降，这表明在幼儿期存在一种不依赖荚膜抗体的天然保护机制来抵御肺炎球菌携带。在生命的最初几年，儿童的免疫系统倾向于Th2型，以避免炎症诱导的免疫病理反应。了解生命早期Th1/Th2和Th17的个体发育过程，以及佐剂疫苗配方如何改变辅助性T细胞分化的平衡，可能有助于新型蛋白基肺炎球菌疫苗的研发。本文将讨论婴儿肺炎球菌定植的免疫动态。讨论旨在为基于蛋白亚单位的下一代肺炎球菌疫苗的设计和改进提供帮助。
