Naclerio R M, Proud D, Kagey-Sobotka A, Freidhoff L, Norman P S, Lichtenstein L M
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Laryngoscope. 1989 Jun;99(6 Pt 1):596-9. doi: 10.1288/00005537-198906000-00006.
A double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed to determine the effect of cetirizine, an H1 antihistamine, on the immediate nasal allergic response. Ten persons underwent nasal challenge with antigen after premedication with 20 mg of cetirizine or placebo QD for 2 days. The response was monitored by counting the number of sneezes and by measuring the levels of histamine, prostaglandin D2, leukotriene C4, albumin, and TAME-esterase activity in recovered nasal lavages. The results showed a significant reduction in sneezing and in the amounts of recovered albumin, TAME-esterase activity, and leukotriene C4 but no reduction in the amounts of recovered histamine and prostaglandin D2. These results suggest that cetirizine does not inhibit mast cell activation but inhibits the consequences of the released histamine on H1 receptors: sneezing and increased vascular permeability. The results further suggest that mast cell release of histamine is the direct result of antigen stimulation, as opposed to reflex activation, and that other cells in addition to mast cells generate leukotrienes during the early allergic response.
进行了一项双盲、安慰剂对照的交叉研究，以确定H1抗组胺药西替利嗪对即刻鼻过敏反应的影响。10名受试者在分别服用20mg西替利嗪或安慰剂，每日一次，共2天进行预处理后，接受抗原滴鼻激发试验。通过计数喷嚏次数以及测量回收的鼻灌洗液中组胺、前列腺素D2、白三烯C4、白蛋白和TAME酯酶活性水平来监测反应。结果显示，喷嚏次数以及回收的白蛋白、TAME酯酶活性和白三烯C4量显著减少，但回收的组胺和前列腺素D2量未减少。这些结果表明，西替利嗪并不抑制肥大细胞活化，但抑制组胺释放对H1受体的作用：喷嚏和血管通透性增加。结果还进一步表明，组胺从肥大细胞的释放是抗原刺激的直接结果，而非反射性激活，并且在早期过敏反应中，除肥大细胞外，其他细胞也会产生白三烯。
