Majchel A M, Proud D, Kagey-Sobotka A, Lichtenstein L M, Naclerio R M
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.
Clin Exp Allergy. 1990 Nov;20(6):701-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02711.x.
We evaluated the effect of pre-treatment with 1 and 2 mg b.i.d. of ketotifen on the early response to nasal challenge in a double-blind cross-over trial. Weekly nasal challenges were performed in 10 allergic subjects after 1 hr and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of ketotifen administration. The response to nasal challenge was monitored by counting the number of sneezes, the assessment of subjective symptoms, and by measuring the levels of histamine and TAME-esterase activity in recovered nasal lavages. The number of sneezes diminished significantly after a single dose of drug with both the 1 and 2 mg doses. Prolonged pre-treatment did not improve the results. The levels of histamine and TAME-esterase activity in recovered nasal lavages were not changed significantly by either pre-treatment at either dose. Although the number of subjects was small, our data suggest that ketotifen diminishes allergic symptomatology by its antihistaminic properties rather than by inhibiting histamine release from mast cells. As we did not look into the effects of ketotifen on other products generated by mast cells (prostanoids, leukotrienes and tryptase), we cannot fully rule out an effect on mast cells.
我们在一项双盲交叉试验中评估了每日两次服用1毫克和2毫克酮替芬预处理对鼻激发早期反应的影响。在10名过敏受试者中，在服用酮替芬1小时后以及1、2、3和4周后每周进行一次鼻激发试验。通过计数喷嚏次数、评估主观症状以及测量回收鼻灌洗液中的组胺水平和TAME酯酶活性来监测鼻激发反应。单次服用1毫克和2毫克剂量的药物后，喷嚏次数均显著减少。延长预处理并未改善结果。两种剂量的预处理均未使回收鼻灌洗液中的组胺水平和TAME酯酶活性发生显著变化。尽管受试者数量较少，但我们的数据表明，酮替芬通过其抗组胺特性减轻过敏症状，而非通过抑制肥大细胞释放组胺。由于我们未研究酮替芬对肥大细胞产生的其他产物（前列腺素、白三烯和组织蛋白酶）的影响，因此我们不能完全排除其对肥大细胞的作用。
