The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
The Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2015 Jul;39(4):465-87. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuu007. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
This review synthesizes recent and past observations on filamentous phages and describes how these phages contribute to host phentoypes. For example, the CTXφ phage of Vibrio cholerae encodes the cholera toxin genes, responsible for causing the epidemic disease, cholera. The CTXφ phage can transduce non-toxigenic strains, converting them into toxigenic strains, contributing to the emergence of new pathogenic strains. Other effects of filamentous phage include horizontal gene transfer, biofilm development, motility, metal resistance and the formation of host morphotypic variants, important for the biofilm stress resistance. These phages infect a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including deep-sea, pressure-adapted bacteria. Many filamentous phages integrate into the host genome as prophage. In some cases, filamentous phages encode their own integrase genes to facilitate this process, while others rely on host-encoded genes. These differences are mediated by different sets of 'core' and 'accessory' genes, with the latter group accounting for some of the mechanisms that alter the host behaviours in unique ways. It is increasingly clear that despite their relatively small genomes, these phages exert signficant influence on their hosts and ultimately alter the fitness and other behaviours of their hosts.
这篇综述综合了近期和过去关于丝状噬菌体的观察结果，并描述了这些噬菌体如何影响宿主表型。例如，霍乱弧菌的 CTXφ 噬菌体编码霍乱毒素基因，这些基因导致了传染病霍乱的发生。CTXφ 噬菌体可以转导非产毒菌株，将其转化为产毒菌株，有助于新的致病菌株的出现。丝状噬菌体的其他影响包括水平基因转移、生物膜发育、运动性、金属抗性和宿主形态变异体的形成，这些对于生物膜的抗应激能力很重要。这些噬菌体感染范围广泛的革兰氏阴性菌，包括深海、适应压力的细菌。许多丝状噬菌体作为前噬菌体整合到宿主基因组中。在某些情况下，丝状噬菌体编码自己的整合酶基因来促进这一过程，而其他噬菌体则依赖于宿主编码的基因。这些差异是由不同的“核心”和“辅助”基因介导的，后者组解释了一些以独特方式改变宿主行为的机制。越来越明显的是，尽管这些噬菌体的基因组相对较小，但它们对宿主产生了重大影响，并最终改变了宿主的适应性和其他行为。
