Lukács J, Schliemann S, Elsner P
Klinik für Hautkrankheiten, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Erfurter Straße 35, 07743, Jena, Deutschland,
Hautarzt. 2015 Mar;66(3):179-83. doi: 10.1007/s00105-015-3583-3.
Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by the human itch mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis). It is mainly transmitted by direct skin-to-skin contact. The spread of scabies can cause major difficulties in healthcare institutions, particularly in residential homes for the elderly. The disease is characterized by intense nocturnal itching, erythematous papules arranged in a linear order, and scratching resulting in excoriations. The diagnosis is confirmed by identification of the mite or by finding one or more mite tunnels in the skin. An individually occurring case does not need to be reported. If two or more cases occur in the same institution, the company physician and the appropriate public health department are to be informed in Germany. In case of a suspected scabies infection in medical personnel due to exposure in their work setting, medical notification to the statutory occupational accidents' insurance (Nr. 3101) is to be issued in accordance with § 202, Volume VII of the German Social Code. First line treatment is topical therapy with 5 % permethrin. If scabies control is required in an institution, systemic treatment with ivermectin may be considered. In the case of a scabies outbreak, all patients, contact persons, and staff must be treated simultaneously.
疥疮是一种由人疥螨（疥螨变种人疥螨）引起的传染性皮肤病。主要通过直接的皮肤接触传播。疥疮的传播会给医疗机构带来重大困难，尤其是在养老院。该疾病的特征是夜间剧烈瘙痒、呈线状排列的红斑丘疹，以及搔抓导致的表皮剥脱。通过识别螨虫或在皮肤中发现一条或多条螨虫隧道来确诊。个别病例无需报告。在德国，如果同一机构出现两例或更多病例，应通知公司医生和相应的公共卫生部门。如果医务人员因工作环境暴露而疑似感染疥疮，应根据《德国社会法典》第七卷第202条向法定职业事故保险机构（编号3101）发出医疗通知。一线治疗是外用5%的氯菊酯。如果机构需要控制疥疮，可考虑使用伊维菌素进行全身治疗。在疥疮爆发的情况下，所有患者、接触者和工作人员必须同时接受治疗。
