Advances in head and neck fine-needle aspiration and ultrasound technique for the pathologist.

The success of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in the evaluation of head and neck (H&N) masses has already been established. Herein we outline the most recent advancement for the pathologist who performs traditional palpation-guided FNA (PGFNA) in the H&N while also incorporating ultrasound-guided FNA (UGFNA) into their practice. We provide an overview of the educational and training opportunities in H&N ultrasound and UGFNA with emphasis on the advantages and limitations for the pathologist. Throughout are useful clinical and technical pearls, many of which may also interest those who practice PGFNA, including local anesthesia use and FNA procedures in pediatric patients.