Lucia Magali, Verboven Nanette, Strøm Hallvard, Miljeteig Cecilie, Gavrilo Maria V, Braune Birgit M, Boertmann David, Gabrielsen Geir W
Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2015 Jul;34(7):1552-61. doi: 10.1002/etc.2935. Epub 2015 May 5.
The ivory gull Pagophila eburnea is a high-Arctic species threatened by climate change and contaminants. The objective of the present study was to assess spatial variation of contaminant levels (organochlorines [OCs], brominated flame retardants [BFRs], perfluorinated alkyl substances [PFASs], and mercury [Hg]) in ivory gulls breeding in different areas across the Arctic region as a baseline for potential future changes associated with climate change. Contaminants were already determined in eggs from Canada (Seymour Island; except PFASs), Svalbard in Norway (Svenskøya), and 3 sites in Russia (Nagurskoe, Cape Klyuv, and Domashny). New data from Greenland allowed the investigation of a possible longitudinal gradient of contamination. The most quantitatively abundant OCs were p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and polychlorobiphenyls. Mercury concentrations were higher in Canada compared with other colonies. Eggs from Nagurskoe often were characterized by higher OC and BFR concentrations. Concentrations gradually decreased in colonies situated east of Nagurskoe. In contrast, PFAS concentrations, especially perfluorooctanoate and perfluorononanoate, were higher in Greenland. Some of the contaminants, especially Hg and p,p'-DDE, exceeded published thresholds known to disrupt the reproductive success of avian species. Overall, the levels of OCs, BFRs, and PFASs did not suggest direct lethal exposure to these compounds, but their potential synergetic/additive sublethal effects warrant monitoring.
象牙鸥（Pagophila eburnea）是一种生活在北极地区的物种，受到气候变化和污染物的威胁。本研究的目的是评估在北极地区不同区域繁殖的象牙鸥体内污染物水平（有机氯化合物[OCs]、溴化阻燃剂[BFRs]、全氟烷基物质[PFASs]和汞[Hg]）的空间变化，作为未来与气候变化相关潜在变化的基线。已经测定了来自加拿大（西摩岛；除PFASs外）、挪威斯瓦尔巴群岛（斯文斯科亚）以及俄罗斯3个地点（纳古尔斯科耶、克柳夫角和多马什尼）的鸟蛋中的污染物。来自格陵兰岛的新数据使得能够研究污染的可能纵向梯度。数量上最为丰富的有机氯化合物是p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯（DDE）和多氯联苯。与其他栖息地相比，加拿大的汞浓度更高。纳古尔斯科耶的鸟蛋通常具有较高的有机氯化合物和溴化阻燃剂浓度。在纳古尔斯科耶以东的栖息地，浓度逐渐降低。相比之下，格陵兰岛的全氟烷基物质浓度，尤其是全氟辛酸酯和全氟壬酸酯，更高。一些污染物，尤其是汞和p,p'-DDE，超过了已知会破坏鸟类繁殖成功率的已公布阈值。总体而言，有机氯化合物、溴化阻燃剂和全氟烷基物质的水平并未表明这些化合物会导致直接致死暴露，但它们潜在的协同/累加亚致死效应值得监测。
