Caprile Claudia, Cuevas-Esteban Jorge, Ochoa Susana, Usall Judith, Navarra Jordi
Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Parc Sanitari de Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;48:27-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.01.006. Epub 2015 Jan 26.
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Patients with schizophrenia usually present cognitive deficits. We investigated possible anomalies at filtering out irrelevant visual information in this psychiatric disorder. Associations between these anomalies and positive and/or negative symptomatology were also addressed.
A group of individuals with schizophrenia and a control group of healthy adults performed a Garner task. In Experiment 1, participants had to rapidly classify visual stimuli according to their colour while ignoring their shape. These two perceptual dimensions are reported to be "separable" by visual selective attention. In Experiment 2, participants classified the width of other visual stimuli while trying to ignore their height. These two visual dimensions are considered as being "integral" and cannot be attended separately.
While healthy perceivers were, in Experiment 1, able to exclusively respond to colour, an irrelevant variation in shape increased colour-based reaction times (RTs) in the group of patients. In Experiment 2, RTs when classifying width increased in both groups as a consequence of perceiving a variation in the irrelevant dimension (height). However, this interfering effect was larger in the group of schizophrenic patients than in the control group. Further analyses revealed that these alterations in filtering out irrelevant visual information correlated with positive symptoms in PANSS scale.
A possible limitation of the study is the relatively small sample.
Our findings suggest the presence of attention deficits in filtering out irrelevant visual information in schizophrenia that could be related to positive symptomatology.
精神分裂症患者通常存在认知缺陷。我们研究了这种精神疾病在过滤无关视觉信息方面可能存在的异常情况。还探讨了这些异常与阳性和/或阴性症状之间的关联。
一组精神分裂症患者和一组健康成年人对照组进行了加纳任务。在实验1中，参与者必须根据颜色快速对视觉刺激进行分类，同时忽略其形状。据报道，视觉选择性注意可将这两个感知维度“分离”。在实验2中，参与者在试图忽略其他视觉刺激高度的同时对其宽度进行分类。这两个视觉维度被认为是“整合”的，不能分别进行关注。
在实验1中，健康的感知者能够仅对颜色做出反应，而形状的无关变化会增加患者组基于颜色的反应时间（RTs）。在实验2中，由于感知到无关维度（高度）的变化，两组在对宽度进行分类时的反应时间均增加。然而，这种干扰效应在精神分裂症患者组中比在对照组中更大。进一步分析表明，在过滤无关视觉信息方面的这些改变与阳性和阴性症状评定量表（PANSS）中的阳性症状相关。
该研究的一个可能局限性是样本相对较小。
我们的研究结果表明，精神分裂症患者在过滤无关视觉信息方面存在注意力缺陷，这可能与阳性症状有关。
