Wüthrich B
Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 1989 May 16;78(20):576-81.
Urticaria is a rather common, often vexing skin disease, characterized by evanescent, pruritic, erythematous wheals, and sometimes by giant hives (angioedema). The cause of chronic urticaria remains unknown in 75 to 80 percent of the cases. Its pathogenesis is related to the activation of tissue mast cells by many immunologic or non-immunologic mechanisms, resulting in a release of biologically active products. The therapeutic possibilities in practice are discussed. Non-sedative antihistaminic drugs of the H1 type (Terfenadine, Astemizole, Loratidine and Cetirizine) are the main stay in the treatment of urticaria. In case of failure the sedative non-selective antihistaminics from the old generation are used. Particular emphasis is given the possibilities to combining various antiallergic drugs. The combination of a H1 and H1 antihistamine can be effective in individual patients.
荨麻疹是一种相当常见且常常令人烦恼的皮肤病，其特征为短暂性、瘙痒性、红斑性风团，有时还伴有巨大荨麻疹（血管性水肿）。在75%至80%的病例中，慢性荨麻疹的病因仍不明。其发病机制与多种免疫或非免疫机制激活组织肥大细胞有关，导致生物活性产物释放。文中讨论了实际的治疗可能性。H1型非镇静性抗组胺药（特非那定、阿司咪唑、氯雷他定和西替利嗪）是治疗荨麻疹的主要药物。若治疗失败，则使用老一代的镇静性非选择性抗组胺药。文中特别强调了联合使用各种抗过敏药物的可能性。H1和H2抗组胺药联合使用对个别患者可能有效。
