Marsden Matthew D, Zack Jerome A
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Virology. 2015 May;479-480:297-309. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.01.017. Epub 2015 Feb 11.
Many important aspects of human retroviral infections cannot be fully evaluated using only in vitro systems or unmodified animal models. An alternative approach involves the use of humanized mice, which consist of immunodeficient mice that have been transplanted with human cells and/or tissues. Certain humanized mouse models can support robust infection with human retroviruses including different strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV). These models have provided wide-ranging insights into retroviral biology, including detailed information on primary infection, in vivo replication and pathogenesis, latent/persistent reservoir formation, and novel therapeutic interventions. Here we describe the humanized mouse models that are most commonly utilized to study retroviral infections, and outline some of the important discoveries that these models have produced during several decades of intensive research.
仅使用体外系统或未经修饰的动物模型无法全面评估人类逆转录病毒感染的许多重要方面。另一种方法是使用人源化小鼠，它由移植了人类细胞和/或组织的免疫缺陷小鼠组成。某些人源化小鼠模型能够支持人类逆转录病毒的强力感染，包括不同株的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）和人类T细胞白血病病毒（HTLV）。这些模型为逆转录病毒生物学提供了广泛的见解，包括有关初次感染、体内复制和发病机制、潜伏/持续病毒库形成以及新型治疗干预措施的详细信息。在此，我们描述了最常用于研究逆转录病毒感染的人源化小鼠模型，并概述了这些模型在数十年深入研究中所产生的一些重要发现。
