Grenhoff J, Svensson T H
Br J Addict. 1989 May;84(5):477-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1989.tb00604.x.
In recent years progress in basic neuropsychopharmacology and clinical addiction research have allowed the conclusion that tobacco smoking essentially represents an addiction to nicotine. Parallel to this work, experimental research in biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology has provided detailed descriptions of the structure and function of the nicotinic receptor, the biologic mediator of the many actions of nicotine. This article reviews current knowledge of nicotinic mechanisms in the peripheral and central nervous systems as well as some implications for the notion of smoking as an addiction to nicotine. In particular this review will focus on the effects of nicotine on brain dopamine and noradrenaline systems since these neuronal systems appear to be crucially involved in the rewarding and stimulant effects of addictive drugs.
近年来，基础神经精神药理学和临床成瘾研究取得的进展使人们得出结论：吸烟本质上是对尼古丁的成瘾。与此同时，生物化学、生理学和药理学方面的实验研究详细描述了烟碱型受体的结构和功能，烟碱型受体是尼古丁多种作用的生物学介质。本文综述了目前关于外周和中枢神经系统烟碱机制的知识，以及吸烟是对尼古丁成瘾这一概念的一些启示。特别是，本综述将重点关注尼古丁对脑多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素系统的影响，因为这些神经元系统似乎在成瘾药物的奖赏和兴奋作用中起着关键作用。
