Hjortaas M J, Jensen B Bang, Taksdal T, Olsen A B, Lillehaug A, Trettenes E, Sindre H
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Bergen, Norway.
J Fish Dis. 2016 Feb;39(2):249-57. doi: 10.1111/jfd.12353. Epub 2015 Feb 16.
Pancreas disease (PD), caused by salmonid alphavirus subtype 3 (SAV3), emerged in Norwegian aquaculture in the 1980s and is now endemic along the south-western coast. In 2011, the first cases of PD caused by marine salmonid alphavirus subtype 2 (SAV2) were reported. This subtype has spread rapidly among the fish farms outside the PD-endemic zone and is responsible for disease outbreaks at an increasing numbers of sites. To describe the geographical distribution of salmonid alphavirus (SAV), and to assess the time and site of introduction of marine SAV2 to Norway, an extensive genetic characterization including more than 200 SAV-positive samples from 157 Norwegian marine production sites collected from May 2007 to December 2012 was executed. The first samples positive for marine SAV2 originated from Romsdal, in June 2010. Sequence analysis of the E2 gene revealed that all marine SAV2 included in this study were nearly identical, suggesting a single introduction into Norwegian aquaculture. Further, this study provides evidence of a separate geographical distribution of two subtypes in Norway. SAV3 is present in south-western Norway, and marine SAV2 circulates in north-western and Mid-Norway, a geographical area which since 2010 constitutes the endemic zone for marine SAV2.
胰腺疾病（PD）由鲑鱼α病毒3型（SAV3）引起，于20世纪80年代出现在挪威水产养殖中，如今在挪威西南沿海地区呈地方流行态势。2011年，首次报告了由海洋鲑鱼α病毒2型（SAV2）引起的胰腺疾病病例。该病毒亚型已在胰腺疾病流行区以外的养鱼场迅速传播，并在越来越多的养殖场引发疾病暴发。为描述鲑鱼α病毒（SAV）的地理分布，并评估海洋SAV2传入挪威的时间和地点，我们对2007年5月至2012年12月期间从挪威157个海洋生产场所采集的200多个SAV阳性样本进行了广泛的基因特征分析。首个海洋SAV2阳性样本于2010年6月来自罗斯达尔。E2基因的序列分析表明，本研究中纳入的所有海洋SAV2几乎完全相同，这表明其单次传入挪威水产养殖。此外，本研究提供了挪威两种病毒亚型地理分布不同的证据。SAV3存在于挪威西南部，而海洋SAV2在挪威西北部和中挪威地区传播，自2010年以来该地区构成了海洋SAV2的流行区。
