Johnson Julene K, Graziano Amy B
Institute for Health & Aging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Division of Music History, Hall-Musco Conservatory of Music, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2015;216:73-89. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.004. Epub 2015 Jan 23.
This chapter examines early cases of aphasia that include observations of the capacity to sing. Although the majority of these cases were published in the late nineteenth century, earlier reports exist and provide insights into the early thinking about the capacity to sing in aphasia, a topic that continues to the present day. The observation that some patients with aphasia and limited speech output were able to sing the texts of songs inspired scholars to examine the relationship between music and language. Early ideas about the capacity to sing were provided by well-known neurologists, such as John Hughlings Jackson and Adolf Kussmaul. The work of Herbert Spencer about the origins and function of music heavily influenced Jackson and others in their thinking about aphasia. This work also led to an increased interest in understanding music abilities in persons with aphasia and, later, in the brain mechanisms of music. The chapter provides a background as to why there was an interest in the capacity to sing in persons with aphasia and what influenced early thinking on this topic.
本章考察失语症的早期病例，其中包括对歌唱能力的观察。尽管这些病例大多发表于19世纪后期，但早期报告也存在，并为早期关于失语症中歌唱能力的思考提供了见解，这一话题一直延续至今。一些失语且言语输出受限的患者能够唱出歌曲歌词的观察结果，激发学者们去研究音乐与语言之间的关系。关于歌唱能力的早期观点由著名神经学家如约翰·休林斯·杰克逊和阿道夫·库斯马尔提出。赫伯特·斯宾塞关于音乐起源和功能的著作在很大程度上影响了杰克逊等人对失语症的思考。这项工作还引发了人们对理解失语症患者音乐能力以及后来对音乐大脑机制的兴趣增加。本章提供了一个背景，说明为什么人们对失语症患者的歌唱能力感兴趣，以及是什么影响了早期对这一话题的思考。
