Kakali Ghoshal, Maitree Bhattacharyya, Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India.
World J Diabetes. 2015 Feb 15;6(1):151-66. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i1.151.
Type 2 diabetes is an emerging health challenge all over the world as a result of urbanization, high prevalence of obesity, sedentary lifestyle and other stress related factors compounded with the genetic prevalence. The health consequences and economic burden of the obesity and related diabetes mellitus epidemic are enormous. Different signaling molecules secreted by adipocytes have been implicated in the development of obesity and associated insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Human adiponectin, a 244-amino acid collagen-like protein is solely secreted by adipocytes and acts as a hormone with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. Adiponectin secretion, in contrast to secretion of other adipokines, is paradoxically decreased in obesity which may be attributable to inhibition of adiponectin gene transcription. There are several mechanisms through which adiponectin may decrease the risk of type 2 diabetes, including suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis, stimulation of fatty acid oxidation in the liver, stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, and stimulation of insulin secretion. To date, no systematic review has been conducted that evaluate the potential importance of adiponectin metabolism in insulin resistance. In this review attempt has been made to explore the relevance of adiponectin metabolism for the development of diabetes mellitus. This article also identifies this novel target for prospective therapeutic research aiming successful management of diabetes mellitus.
2 型糖尿病是由于城市化、肥胖症高发、久坐不动的生活方式以及与遗传流行有关的其他压力因素导致的全球新兴健康挑战。肥胖症和相关糖尿病的流行给健康带来的后果和经济负担是巨大的。脂肪细胞分泌的不同信号分子与 2 型糖尿病中的肥胖和相关胰岛素抵抗的发展有关。人脂联素是一种 244 个氨基酸的胶原蛋白样蛋白，仅由脂肪细胞分泌，作为一种具有抗炎和胰岛素增敏特性的激素发挥作用。与其他脂肪因子的分泌相反，脂联素的分泌在肥胖症中被反常地降低，这可能归因于对脂联素基因转录的抑制。脂联素可能通过几种机制降低 2 型糖尿病的风险，包括抑制肝糖异生、刺激肝脏脂肪酸氧化、刺激骨骼肌脂肪酸氧化和葡萄糖摄取以及刺激胰岛素分泌。迄今为止，尚未进行系统评价来评估脂联素代谢对胰岛素抵抗的潜在重要性。在这篇综述中，尝试探讨了脂联素代谢对糖尿病发生的相关性。本文还确定了这一治疗研究的新靶点，旨在成功管理糖尿病。
