Hornung J P, Törk I, De Tribolet N
Institute of Anatomy, University of Lausanne, Switzerland.
Exp Brain Res. 1989;76(1):12-20. doi: 10.1007/BF00253618.
In freshly fixed biopsies of human cerebral cortex obtained at surgery, immunocytochemical staining with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (the rate limiting biosynthetic enzyme for catecholamines) revealed, in addition to a dense axonal plexus, a population of immunoreactive cell bodies. The neuronal nature of these cells was ascertained by: i) the presence of a rich rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell body and of synapses on the cell body and dendrites, and ii) the demonstration of the lack of reactivity with the astroglial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells. The tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons were found in all areas of cortex sampled, and were located almost exclusively in the infragranular layers. Most tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells were bipolar and were vertically oriented, but a few had a multipolar or horizontal dendritic arbor. The dendrites of these cells were varicose and aspiny, and the axons were very thin. Tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons were reported to be present transiently in the developing mammalian cerebral cortex and only recently in cerebral cortex of mature mammalian brains. Internuncial neurons in the human cerebral cortex containing a catecholamine synthesizing enzyme would be significant, in particular considering that catecholamines are likely to be involved in some major mental disorders.
在手术获取的新鲜固定的人类大脑皮质活检组织中，用抗酪氨酸羟化酶（儿茶酚胺生物合成的限速酶）抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色显示，除了密集的轴突丛外，还有一群免疫反应性细胞体。这些细胞的神经元性质通过以下方式确定：i）细胞体内存在丰富的粗面内质网，细胞体和树突上存在突触；ii）酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应性细胞与星形胶质细胞标志物胶质纤维酸性蛋白缺乏反应性得到证实。在所有采样的皮质区域均发现了酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应性神经元，且几乎仅位于颗粒下层。大多数酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应性细胞为双极且垂直排列，但少数细胞有多极或水平的树突分支。这些细胞的树突有膨体且无棘，轴突非常细。据报道，酪氨酸羟化酶免疫反应性神经元在发育中的哺乳动物大脑皮质中短暂存在，最近才在成熟哺乳动物大脑皮质中发现。考虑到儿茶酚胺可能与某些主要精神障碍有关，人类大脑皮质中含有儿茶酚胺合成酶的联络神经元意义重大。
