Diaz Heijtz Rochellys, Forssberg Hans
Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015 Apr;57 Suppl 2:10-4. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.12692.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with lifelong motor impairment and disability. Current intervention programmes aim to capitalize on the neuroplasticity of the undamaged part of the brain to improve motor functions, by engaging individuals in active motor learning and training. In this review, we highlight recent animal studies (1) exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to neuroplasticity during motor training, (2) assessing the functional role of the mesocortical dopaminergic system in motor skill learning, and (3) exploring the impact of naturally occurring genetic variation in dopamine-related gene expression on the acquisition and performance of fine motor skills. Finally, the potential influence of the dopamine system on the outcome of motor learning interventions in cerebral palsy is discussed.
脑瘫（CP）是一组异质性的神经发育障碍，与终身运动障碍和残疾相关。目前的干预方案旨在通过让个体参与主动运动学习和训练，利用大脑未受损部分的神经可塑性来改善运动功能。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了最近的动物研究：（1）探索运动训练过程中促进神经可塑性的细胞和分子机制；（2）评估中皮质多巴胺能系统在运动技能学习中的功能作用；（3）探索多巴胺相关基因表达中自然发生的基因变异对精细运动技能获得和表现的影响。最后，讨论了多巴胺系统对脑瘫运动学习干预结果的潜在影响。
