Leroy Jo L M R, Valckx Sara D M, Jordaens Lies, De Bie Jessie, Desmet Karolien L J, Van Hoeck Veerle, Britt Jack H, Marei Waleed F, Bols Peter E J
Gamete Research Centre, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Departement of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
Laboratório de Fisiologia e Endocrinologia Molecular, University SaoPaulo Pirassununga, CEP 13-3565-4220 Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brasil.
Reprod Fertil Dev. 2015 May;27(4):693-703. doi: 10.1071/RD14363.
Although fragmented and sometimes inconsistent, the proof of a vital link between the importance of the physiological status of the mother and her subsequent reproductive success is building up. High-yielding dairy cows are suffering from a substantial decline in fertility outcome over past decades. For many years, this decrease in reproductive output has correctly been considered multifactorial, with factors including farm management, feed ratios, breed and genetics and, last, but not least, ever-rising milk production. Because the problem is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach, it is hard to formulate straightforward conclusions leading to improvements on the 'work floor'. However, based on remarkable similarities on the preimplantation reproductive side between cattle and humans, there is a growing tendency to consider the dairy cow's negative energy balance and accompanying fat mobilisation as an interesting model to study the impact of maternal metabolic disorders on human fertility and, more specifically, on oocyte and preimplantation embryo quality. Considering the mutual interest of human and animal scientists studying common reproductive problems, this review has several aims. First, we briefly introduce the 'dairy cow case' by describing the state of the art of research into metabolic imbalances and their possible effects on dairy cow reproduction. Second, we try to define relevant in vitro models that can clarify certain mechanisms by which aberrant metabolite levels may influence embryonic health. We report on recent advances in the assessment of embryo metabolism and meantime critically elaborate on advantages and major limitations of in vitro models used so far. Finally, we discuss hurdles to be overcome to successfully translate the scientific data to the field.
尽管证据零散且有时相互矛盾，但母亲生理状态的重要性与其后续生殖成功之间存在关键联系的证据正在不断积累。在过去几十年里，高产奶牛的繁殖能力大幅下降。多年来，这种繁殖产量的下降一直被正确地认为是多因素造成的，这些因素包括农场管理、饲料比例、品种和遗传学，最后但同样重要的是，牛奶产量的不断提高。由于这个问题很复杂，需要多学科方法，因此很难得出能直接带来“工作现场”改善的简单结论。然而，基于牛和人类在植入前生殖方面的显著相似性，越来越多的人倾向于将奶牛的负能量平衡及伴随的脂肪动员视为一个有趣的模型，用于研究母体代谢紊乱对人类生育能力的影响，更具体地说，是对卵母细胞和植入前胚胎质量的影响。考虑到研究共同生殖问题的人类和动物科学家的共同兴趣，本综述有几个目标。首先，我们通过描述代谢失衡及其对奶牛繁殖可能影响的研究现状，简要介绍“奶牛案例”。其次，我们试图定义相关的体外模型，这些模型可以阐明异常代谢物水平可能影响胚胎健康的某些机制。我们报告了胚胎代谢评估的最新进展，同时批判性地阐述了迄今为止使用的体外模型的优点和主要局限性。最后，我们讨论了将科学数据成功转化到实际应用中需要克服的障碍。
