Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research , Brussels , Belgium ; Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) , Brussels , Belgium ; de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain , Brussels , Belgium.
Front Immunol. 2015 Feb 3;6:34. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00034. eCollection 2015.
Tryptophan is required for T lymphocyte effector functions. Its degradation is one of the mechanisms selected by tumors to resist immune destruction. Two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, control tryptophan degradation through the kynurenine pathway. A third protein, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2, was identified more recently. All three enzymes were reported to be expressed in tumors, and are candidate targets for pharmacological inhibition aimed at restoring effective anti-tumoral immunity. In this review, we compare these three enzymes in terms of structure, activity, regulation, and expression in healthy and cancerous tissues, in order to appreciate their relevance to tumoral immune resistance.
色氨酸是 T 淋巴细胞效应功能所必需的。其降解是肿瘤选择的抵抗免疫破坏的机制之一。两种酶，色氨酸 2,3-双加氧酶和吲哚胺 2,3-双加氧酶 1，通过犬尿氨酸途径控制色氨酸的降解。第三种蛋白质，吲哚胺 2,3-双加氧酶 2，最近被发现。据报道，所有这三种酶在肿瘤中表达，是恢复有效抗肿瘤免疫的药物抑制的候选靶点。在这篇综述中，我们比较了这三种酶在结构、活性、调节和在健康和癌组织中的表达方面的差异，以了解它们与肿瘤免疫抵抗的相关性。
