Yu Jie, Sit Cindy H P, Capio Catherine M, Burnett Angus, Ha Amy S C, Huang Wendy Y J
a Department of Sports Science and Physical Education , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , Hong Kong .
b Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong , Pok Fu Lam , Hong Kong .
Disabil Rehabil. 2016;38(1):45-51. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2015.1014067. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
The purpose of this study was to (1) examine differences in fundamental movement skills (FMS) proficiency, physical self-concept, and physical activity in children with and without developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and (2) determine the association of FMS proficiency with physical self-concept while considering key confounding factors.
Participants included 43 children with DCD and 87 age-matched typically developing (TD) children. FMS proficiency was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development - second edition. Physical self-concept and physical activity were assessed using self-report questionnaires. A two-way (group by gender) ANCOVA was used to determine whether between-group differences existed in FMS proficiency, physical self-concept, and physical activity after controlling for age and BMI. Partial correlations and hierarchical multiple regression models were used to examine the relationship between FMS proficiency and physical self-concept.
Compared with their TD peers, children with DCD displayed less proficiency in various components of FMS and viewed themselves as being less competent in physical coordination, sporting ability, and physical health. Physical coordination was a significant predictor of ability in object control skills. DCD status and gender were significant predictors of FMS proficiency.
Future FMS interventions should target children with DCD and girls, and should emphasize improving object control skills proficiency and physical coordination.
Children with DCD tend to have not only lower FMS proficiency than age-matched typically developing children but also lower physical self-concept. Self-perceptions of physical coordination by children with DCD are likely to be valuable contributors to development of object control skills. This may then help to develop their confidence in performing motor skills. Children with DCD need supportive programs that facilitate the development of object control skills. Efficacy of training programs may be improved if children experience a greater sense of control and success when performing object control skills.
本研究的目的是（1）检查患有和未患有发育性协调障碍（DCD）的儿童在基本运动技能（FMS）熟练度、身体自我概念和身体活动方面的差异，以及（2）在考虑关键混杂因素的情况下确定FMS熟练度与身体自我概念之间的关联。
参与者包括43名患有DCD的儿童和87名年龄匹配的发育正常（TD）儿童。使用《粗大运动发展测试 - 第二版》评估FMS熟练度。使用自我报告问卷评估身体自我概念和身体活动。采用双向（组×性别）协方差分析来确定在控制年龄和BMI后，FMS熟练度、身体自我概念和身体活动方面是否存在组间差异。使用偏相关和分层多元回归模型来检查FMS熟练度与身体自我概念之间的关系。
与发育正常的同龄人相比，患有DCD的儿童在FMS的各个组成部分表现出较低的熟练度，并且认为自己在身体协调、运动能力和身体健康方面能力较差。身体协调是物体控制技能能力的重要预测因素。DCD状态和性别是FMS熟练度的重要预测因素。
未来的FMS干预应针对患有DCD的儿童和女孩，并应强调提高物体控制技能熟练度和身体协调能力。
患有DCD的儿童不仅往往比年龄匹配的发育正常儿童具有更低的FMS熟练度，而且身体自我概念也更低。患有DCD的儿童对身体协调的自我认知可能是物体控制技能发展的重要因素。这可能有助于培养他们执行运动技能的信心。患有DCD的儿童需要支持性计划来促进物体控制技能的发展。如果儿童在执行物体控制技能时体验到更大的控制感和成功感，训练计划的效果可能会得到改善。
