Akkad Jamil, Bochum Sylvia, Martens Uwe M
Cancer Center Heilbronn-Franken, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn GmbH, Heilbronn, Germany.
Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2015 Feb;400(2):129-43. doi: 10.1007/s00423-015-1276-0. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide and continues to be a major healthcare concern. Molecular heterogeneity of CRC is believed to be one of the main factors responsible for the considerable variability in treatment response. With the recent development of powerful genomic technologies, novel insights in tumor biology of CRC have now been provided, facilitating the recognition of new molecular subtypes with prognostic and predictive implications.
The purpose of this review article is to summarize current knowledge about genomic, epigenomic, and proteomic characteristics of CRC, as well as their implications for biomarker identification and individualized targeted therapy.
Supplementing the findings from several previous studies, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project recently finalized the systematic characterization of CRC resulting in the first tumor dataset with complete molecular measurements at DNA, RNA, and protein levels. The challenge now is to translate these findings into a robust and reproducible CRC classification system linking molecular features of the tumor to precision medicine.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见诊断癌症，仍然是主要的医疗保健问题。CRC的分子异质性被认为是治疗反应存在显著差异的主要因素之一。随着强大基因组技术的最新发展，现在已经对CRC的肿瘤生物学有了新的见解，有助于识别具有预后和预测意义的新分子亚型。
这篇综述文章的目的是总结关于CRC的基因组、表观基因组和蛋白质组特征的当前知识，以及它们对生物标志物识别和个体化靶向治疗的意义。
癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）项目补充了之前几项研究的结果，最近完成了对CRC的系统表征，产生了第一个在DNA、RNA和蛋白质水平进行完整分子测量的肿瘤数据集。现在的挑战是将这些发现转化为一个强大且可重复的CRC分类系统，将肿瘤的分子特征与精准医学联系起来。
