创伤改变一切:审视童年不良经历与严重、暴力及慢性少年犯之间的关系。
Trauma changes everything: examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders.
作者信息
Fox Bryanna Hahn, Perez Nicholas, Cass Elizabeth, Baglivio Michael T, Epps Nathan
机构信息
University of South Florida, Department of Criminology, USA.
G4S Youth Services, Research and Program Development, USA.
出版信息
Child Abuse Negl. 2015 Aug;46:163-73. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Feb 19.
Among juvenile offenders, those who commit the greatest number and the most violent offenses are referred to as serious, violent, and chronic (SVC) offenders. However, current practices typically identify SVC offenders only after they have committed their prolific and costly offenses. While several studies have examined risk factors of SVCs, no screening tool has been developed to identify children at risk of SVC offending. This study aims to examine how effective the adverse childhood experiences index, a childhood trauma-based screening tool developed in the medical field, is at identifying children at higher risk of SVC offending. Data on the history of childhood trauma, abuse, neglect, criminal behavior, and other criminological risk factors for offending among 22,575 delinquent youth referred to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice are analyzed, with results suggesting that each additional adverse experience a child experiences increases the risk of becoming a serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offender by 35, when controlling for other risk factors for criminal behavior. These findings suggest that the ACE score could be used by practitioners as a first-line screening tool to identify children at risk of SVC offending before significant downstream wreckage occurs.
在少年犯罪者中,那些犯下最多数量和最暴力罪行的人被称为严重、暴力和惯犯(SVC)。然而,目前的做法通常是在SVC犯罪者犯下大量代价高昂的罪行之后才将其识别出来。虽然有几项研究考察了SVC犯罪者的风险因素,但尚未开发出一种筛查工具来识别有SVC犯罪风险的儿童。本研究旨在检验基于儿童创伤的筛查工具——不良童年经历指数,在识别有较高SVC犯罪风险的儿童方面有多有效。对佛罗里达州少年司法部转介的22575名违法青少年的童年创伤史、虐待、忽视、犯罪行为及其他犯罪学风险因素的数据进行了分析,结果表明,在控制其他犯罪行为风险因素的情况下,儿童每多经历一次不良经历,成为严重、暴力和惯犯的风险就会增加35%。这些发现表明,从业者可以将ACE分数用作一线筛查工具,在重大下游破坏发生之前识别有SVC犯罪风险的儿童。