Fritz Michael, Flad Sylvia, Streb Judith, Dudeck Manuela
Department of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Ulm University, 89312 Günzburg, Germany.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Feb 21;15(3):246. doi: 10.3390/bs15030246.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) represent one of the most critical factors contributing to the manifestation of psychiatric disorders later in life. Furthermore, such experiences are often associated with deficits in interpersonal relationships, manifesting as mistrust and violent behaviors, and are indicative of a fragmented personality. This study aimed to analyze the correlative relationships between personality deficits influenced by ACEs and the expression of reactive and appetitive aggression using self-report questionnaires in 53 male forensic psychiatric patients with a drug dependency background detained under §64 of the German Criminal Code between 2019 and 2022. Instruments included the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis Structure Questionnaire (OPD-SF), the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure Scale-German Version (KERF), and the Appetitive and Facilitative Aggression Scale (AFAS). Specifically, the OPD-SF used the following subscales: self-perception, self-regulation, the regulation of object relations, emotional communication inward/outward, internal/external attachment, and total score. The results demonstrate a significant relationship between childhood traumatic experiences, personality structure, attachment capacity, self-perception, and regulation and the expression of both reactive and appetitive aggression. While the association with reactive aggression is intuitively plausible, the findings notably reveal that the propensity to derive pleasure from violence is also associated with personality deficits caused by adverse childhood experiences. These findings have important implications for the treatment of offenders with personality disorders and should be considered in therapeutic interventions.
童年不良经历（ACEs）是导致日后出现精神疾病的最关键因素之一。此外，此类经历往往与人际关系缺陷相关，表现为不信任和暴力行为，且表明人格存在分裂。本研究旨在使用自陈问卷，分析2019年至2022年期间依据德国刑法典第64条被拘留的53名有药物依赖背景的男性法医精神病患者中，受童年不良经历影响的人格缺陷与反应性攻击和主动性攻击表达之间的相关关系。所使用的工具包括操作性心理动力诊断结构问卷（OPD-SF）、德国版虐待与暴露时间顺序量表（KERF）以及主动性与促进性攻击量表（AFAS）。具体而言，OPD-SF使用了以下分量表：自我认知、自我调节、客体关系调节、内向/外向情绪交流、内在/外在依恋以及总分。结果表明，童年创伤经历、人格结构、依恋能力、自我认知和调节与反应性攻击和主动性攻击的表达之间存在显著关系。虽然与反应性攻击的关联在直观上似乎合理，但研究结果特别显示，从暴力中获取快感的倾向也与童年不良经历导致的人格缺陷有关。这些发现对人格障碍罪犯的治疗具有重要意义，在治疗干预中应予以考虑。
