“单人”与“小组”指定的法医精神观察：转介程序在伦理上是否合理？
'Single' v. 'panel' appointed forensic mental observations: Is the referral process ethically justifiable?
作者信息
Schutte T, Subramaney U
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
出版信息
S Afr J Bioeth Law. 2013 Nov;6(2):64-68. doi: 10.7196/sajbl.286.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the outcome and psychiatric morbidity of the forensic mental observation referrals, in the two legally created groups of detainees awaiting trial - the 'singles', representing the minor violent and non-violent offenders evaluated by a single-state appointed psychiatrist, v. the 'panels', representing the seriously violent offenders evaluated by two or more psychiatrists.
METHODS
A retrospective record review covered 200 cases, comprising all individuals admitted to the forensic unit of Sterkfontein Hospital for 30 days psychiatric observation from January to August 2010. Pearson's χ test for categorical data were used to determine statistical significance.
RESULTS
Of 110 singles, 49 (44.55%) were found fit for trial and 40 (40.4%) were found criminally responsible. Of the 90 'panel' cases 60 (66.67%) were found ft for trial and 57 (64.77%) were found criminally responsible (=0.002 and =0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Those charged with seriously violent offences appear more likely to be found both fit and responsible, compared with those charged with less serious offences.
目的
比较在两个依法设立的候审被拘留者群体中，法医精神观察转诊的结果及精神疾病发病率。这两个群体分别是：“单人组”，代表由单一州指定的精神病医生评估的轻微暴力和非暴力罪犯；“专家组”，代表由两名或更多精神病医生评估的严重暴力罪犯。
方法
进行一项回顾性记录审查，涵盖200个病例，包括2010年1月至8月期间入住斯泰克方丹医院法医科接受30天精神观察的所有个体。使用Pearson卡方检验对分类数据进行分析以确定统计学意义。
结果
在110名“单人组”中，49人（44.55%）被判定适合受审，40人（40.4%）被判定有罪。在90例“专家组”病例中，60人（66.67%）被判定适合受审，57人（64.77%）被判定有罪（分别为P = 0.002和P = 0.001）。
结论
与被控较轻罪行的人相比，被控严重暴力罪行的人似乎更有可能被判定既适合受审又有罪。
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