Vollmann Johann, Eynck Christina
University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
Biotechnol J. 2015 Apr;10(4):525-35. doi: 10.1002/biot.201400200. Epub 2015 Feb 23.
Camelina is an underutilized Brassicaceae oilseed plant with a considerable agronomic potential for biofuel and vegetable oil production in temperate regions. In contrast to most Brassicaceae, camelina is resistant to alternaria black spot and other diseases and pests. Sequencing of the camelina genome revealed an undifferentiated allohexaploid genome with a comparatively large number of genes and low percentage of repetitive DNA. As there is a close relationship between camelina and the genetic model plant Arabidopsis, this review aims at exploring the potential of translating basic Arabidopsis results into a camelina oilseed crop for food and non-food applications. Recently, Arabidopsis genes for drought resistance or increased photosynthesis and overall productivity have successfully been expressed in camelina. In addition, gene constructs affecting lipid metabolism pathways have been engineered into camelina for synthesizing either long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids or high-oleic oils in particular camelina strains, which is of great interest in human food, industrial or biofuel applications, respectively. These results confirm the potential of camelina to serve as a biotechnology platform in biorefinery applications thus justifying further investment in breeding and genetic research for combining agronomic potential, unique oil quality features and biosafety into an agricultural production system.
亚麻荠是一种未被充分利用的十字花科油料植物，在温带地区具有用于生物燃料和植物油生产的可观农艺潜力。与大多数十字花科植物不同，亚麻荠对链格孢黑斑病和其他病虫害具有抗性。亚麻荠基因组测序显示其为未分化的异源六倍体基因组，基因数量相对较多，重复DNA比例较低。由于亚麻荠与遗传模式植物拟南芥关系密切，本综述旨在探索将拟南芥的基础研究成果转化应用于亚麻荠油料作物以用于食品和非食品用途的潜力。最近，拟南芥中与抗旱、提高光合作用及整体生产力相关的基因已成功在亚麻荠中表达。此外，影响脂质代谢途径的基因构建体已被导入亚麻荠，以便在特定的亚麻荠菌株中合成长链多不饱和脂肪酸、羟基脂肪酸或高油酸油，这分别在人类食品、工业或生物燃料应用中具有重大意义。这些结果证实了亚麻荠作为生物炼制应用中的生物技术平台的潜力，因此有理由进一步投资于育种和遗传研究，以便将农艺潜力、独特的油质特性和生物安全性整合到一个农业生产系统中。
