Krauss Melissa J, Cavazos-Rehg Patricia A, Agrawal Arpana, Bierut Laura J, Grucza Richard A
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Apr 1;149:173-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.043. Epub 2015 Feb 10.
Exposure to permissive minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) laws (ability to purchase alcohol <21 years) during adolescence can have long-term effects, including heavy alcohol use or alcohol use disorders as adults. We examined whether exposure to permissive MLDA laws during adolescence has long-term effects on illicit drug use and disorders in adulthood.
Participants from the 2004-2012 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) were linked with historical state MLDA laws. Participants born in 1949-1972 (age 31-63 years at observation, n = 110,300) were analyzed because they came of legal age for alcohol purchase when changes occurred in state MLDA laws. Logistic regression was used to model drug use measures as a function of exposure to permissive MLDA during adolescence, adjusting for state and birth-year fixed effects, demographics, and salient state characteristics.
Rates of past month use, past year use, and abuse/dependence of marijuana were 4.7%, 7.8%, and 1.2%, respectively. Rates of past month use, past year use, and abuse/dependence of illicit drugs other than marijuana were 2.9%, 6.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. Among the full sample, exposure to permissive MLDA laws was not significantly associated with drug use or abuse/dependence in adulthood. Men exposed to permissive MLDA laws were at 20% increased odds of past year illicit drug use (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32).
Restricting alcohol access during adolescence did not increase long-term drug use. Allowing the purchase of alcohol among those less than 21 years of age could increase the risk of drug use later in life.
青少年时期接触宽松的最低合法饮酒年龄（MLDA）法律（购买酒精饮料的年龄<21岁）可能会产生长期影响，包括成年后大量饮酒或酒精使用障碍。我们研究了青少年时期接触宽松的MLDA法律是否会对成年后的非法药物使用和障碍产生长期影响。
将2004 - 2012年全国药物使用和健康调查（NSDUH）的参与者与各州历史上的MLDA法律相关联。对1949 - 1972年出生（观察时年龄为31 - 63岁，n = 110,300）的参与者进行分析，因为当各州MLDA法律发生变化时，他们达到了购买酒精饮料的法定年龄。使用逻辑回归将药物使用指标建模为青少年时期接触宽松MLDA法律的函数，并对州和出生年份固定效应、人口统计学特征以及显著的州特征进行调整。
过去一个月使用大麻、过去一年使用大麻以及大麻滥用/依赖的发生率分别为4.7%、7.8%和1.2%。过去一个月使用除大麻以外的非法药物、过去一年使用除大麻以外的非法药物以及除大麻以外的非法药物滥用/依赖的发生率分别为2.9%、6.2%和0.7%。在整个样本中，接触宽松的MLDA法律与成年后的药物使用或滥用/依赖没有显著关联。接触宽松MLDA法律的男性过去一年非法药物使用的几率增加了20%（调整后的比值比为1.20，95%置信区间为1.09 - 1.32）。
青少年时期限制酒精获取并不会增加长期药物使用。允许21岁以下的人购买酒精饮料可能会增加其日后使用药物的风险。
