Tranzo Scientific Center for Care and Wellbeing, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), P.O. Box 1568, 3500 BN Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Feb 19;18(4):1999. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18041999.
Raising a minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has generated interest and debate in research and politics, but opposition persists. Up to now, the presentation of impacts focussed on effectiveness (i.e., intended impact); to our knowledge, no literature syntheses focussed on both intended and unintended impacts. A systematic scoping review was conducted in which a search strategy was developed iteratively and literature was obtained from experts in alcohol research and scientific and grey databases. Ninety-one studies were extracted and analysed using formative thematic content analysis. Intended impacts were reported in 119 units of information from the studies (68% positive), forming four paths: implementation, primary and (two) on secondary societal harm and violence. Unintended developments were reported in 43 units of information (30% positive), forming five themes. Only eight studies reported on implementation. Furthermore, a division between primary and secondary paths and the use of a bridging variable (drinking patterns in analyses or methodology) was discovered. These results provide an insight into how well legislation works and can be used to discover or implement new means of curbing underage drinking and alcohol-related violence and harm. They also offer valuable starting points for future research and underline the importance of considering unintended developments.
提高法定最低饮酒年龄（MLDA）在研究和政治领域引起了关注和争议，但反对意见仍然存在。到目前为止，对影响的介绍主要集中在有效性上（即预期影响）；据我们所知，没有文献综合分析既包括预期影响又包括非预期影响。进行了系统的范围界定审查，其中迭代制定了搜索策略，并从酒精研究专家以及科学和灰色数据库中获取了文献。使用形成性主题内容分析对 91 项研究进行了提取和分析。研究报告了 119 个信息单位的预期影响（68%为正面），形成了四条路径：实施、主要影响（两个）和次要社会危害和暴力。报告了 43 个信息单位的非预期发展（30%为正面），形成了五个主题。只有八项研究报告了实施情况。此外，还发现了主要和次要路径之间的划分，以及使用中介变量（分析或方法学中的饮酒模式）的情况。这些结果深入了解了立法的有效性，并可用于发现或实施新的手段来遏制未成年人饮酒和与酒精相关的暴力和伤害。它们还为未来的研究提供了有价值的起点，并强调了考虑非预期发展的重要性。
