Tompkins Daniel M, Carver Scott, Jones Menna E, Krkošek Martin, Skerratt Lee F
Landcare Research, Private Bag 1930, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.
Trends Parasitol. 2015 Apr;31(4):149-59. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2015.01.007. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
We review the literature to distinguish reports of vertebrate wildlife disease emergence with sufficient evidence, enabling a robust assessment of emergence drivers. For potentially emerging agents that cannot be confirmed, sufficient data on prior absence (or a prior difference in disease dynamics) are frequently lacking. Improved surveillance, particularly for neglected host taxa, geographical regions and infectious agents, would enable more effective management should emergence occur. Exposure to domestic sources of infection and human-assisted exposure to wild sources were identified as the two main drivers of emergence across host taxa; the domestic source was primary for fish while the wild source was primary for other taxa. There was generally insufficient evidence for major roles of other hypothesized drivers of emergence.
我们回顾文献，以甄别出有充分证据的脊椎动物野生动物疾病新发报告，从而能够对新发驱动因素进行有力评估。对于无法确诊的潜在新发病原体，往往缺乏关于先前不存在（或疾病动态的先前差异）的充分数据。加强监测，特别是对被忽视的宿主分类群、地理区域和传染原的监测，将有助于在疾病新发时进行更有效的管理。接触家养感染源和人类辅助接触野生感染源被确定为跨宿主分类群新发的两个主要驱动因素；家养感染源是鱼类新发的主要驱动因素，而野生感染源是其他分类群新发的主要驱动因素。对于其他假设的新发驱动因素的主要作用，通常证据不足。
