Calys-Tagoe B N L, Hewlett S A, Dako-Gyeke P, Yawson A E, Baddoo N A, Seneadza N A H, Mensah G, Minicuci N, Naidoo N, Chatterji S, Kowal P, Biritwum R B
Department of Community Health, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana ; Public Health Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana.
University of Ghana Dental School, College of Health Sciences. University of Ghana.
Ghana Med J. 2014 Dec;48(4):178-84. doi: 10.4314/gmj.v48i4.2.
Later years of life are accompanied by many physical, emotional and environmental changes which may impact on the well-being of the individual. Many factors are known to influence the subjective well-being of older adults, but most, if not all of this information was the result of studies in the Western world. This study aimed at obtaining and documenting the predictors of subjective well-being (SWB) among older Ghanaians.
Data for the study was obtained from the WHO SAGE study. The single item measure of life satisfaction was used to determine subjective well-being. Descriptive statistics as well as logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the predictors of SWB.
A total of 4724 individuals aged 50 years and above responded to the questionnaires. Of these 50.4% were males. Following multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, sex, educational level, income and ethnic background were found to significantly affect the SWB of older Ghanaians. Being male was associated with higher level of SWB (OR=1.68; CI: 1.39 - 2.03). For those 50 years and above, being younger (50-59 years) was also associated with a high level of SWB (OR=17.72; CI: 10.13-30.98). Earning a low income and having low educational level were both associated with low levels of SWB (OR=0.304; CI: 0.22-0.42; and OR=0.47; CI: 0.37-0.60 respectively). Ewes (p=0.027), Grumas (p=0.002) and Mole-Dagbons (p=0.04) had significantly higher SWB compared to the other ethnic groups.
Among older Ghanaians, factors that positively influence SWB are younger age, male sex, high educational level and high income.
晚年伴随着许多身体、情感和环境变化，这些变化可能会影响个人的幸福感。已知许多因素会影响老年人的主观幸福感，但即便不是全部，大部分此类信息都是西方世界研究的结果。本研究旨在获取并记录加纳老年人主观幸福感（SWB）的预测因素。
该研究的数据来自世界卫生组织全球老龄化与成人健康研究（WHO SAGE）。使用生活满意度单项测量来确定主观幸福感。进行描述性统计以及逻辑回归分析以确定主观幸福感的预测因素。
共有4724名50岁及以上的个体对问卷做出了回应。其中50.4%为男性。经过多变量逻辑回归分析，发现年龄、性别、教育水平、收入和种族背景对加纳老年人的主观幸福感有显著影响。男性与较高水平的主观幸福感相关（比值比[OR]=1.68；置信区间[CI]：1.39 - 2.03）。对于50岁及以上的人来说，较年轻（50 - 59岁）也与较高水平的主观幸福感相关（OR = 17.72；CI：10.13 - 30.98）。低收入和低教育水平均与较低水平的主观幸福感相关（分别为OR = 0.304；CI：0.22 - 0.42；以及OR = 0.47；CI：0.37 - 0.60）。与其他种族群体相比，埃维族（p = 0.027）、格鲁马族（p = 0.002）和莫莱 - 达贡巴族（p = 0.04）的主观幸福感显著更高。
在加纳老年人中，对主观幸福感有积极影响的因素是较年轻的年龄、男性、高教育水平和高收入。
