Rakhshan Vahid
Iranian Tissue Bank and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Department of Dental Anatomy and Morphology, Dental Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2015 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-13. doi: 10.4103/1735-3327.150286.
Congenitally missing teeth (CMT), or as usually called hypodontia, is a highly prevalent and costly dental anomaly. Besides an unfavorable appearance, patients with missing teeth may suffer from malocclusion, periodontal damage, insufficient alveolar bone growth, reduced chewing ability, inarticulate pronunciation and other problems. Treatment might be usually expensive and multidisciplinary. This highly frequent and yet expensive anomaly is of interest to numerous clinical, basic science and public health fields such as orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, periodontics, maxillofacial surgery, anatomy, anthropology and even the insurance industry. This essay reviews the findings on the etiology, prevalence, risk factors, occurrence patterns, skeletal changes and treatments of congenitally missing teeth. It seems that CMT usually appears in females and in the permanent dentition. It is not conclusive whether it tends to occur more in the maxilla or mandible and also in the anterior versus posterior segments. It can accompany various complications and should be attended by expert teams as soon as possible.
先天性缺牙（CMT），通常称为牙量不足，是一种非常普遍且代价高昂的牙齿异常。除了外观不佳外，缺牙患者可能会出现错牙合、牙周损伤、牙槽骨生长不足、咀嚼能力下降、发音不清晰等问题。治疗通常可能昂贵且需要多学科协作。这种高度常见却又代价高昂的异常情况受到了众多临床、基础科学和公共卫生领域的关注，如正畸学、儿童牙科、口腔修复学、牙周病学、颌面外科、解剖学、人类学，甚至保险业。本文综述了先天性缺牙的病因、患病率、危险因素、发生模式、骨骼变化及治疗方面的研究结果。先天性缺牙似乎通常出现在女性和恒牙列中。上颌与下颌、前部与后部区段中，先天性缺牙是否更易发生尚无定论。它可能伴有各种并发症，应尽快由专家团队进行诊治。
