印度本地治里一家初级保健中心对成年人进行高血压及特定心血管危险因素的机会性筛查。
Opportunistic Screening for Hypertension and Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adults Attending a Primary Health Center in Puducherry, India.
作者信息
Majumdar Anindo, Chinnakali Palanivel, Vinayagamoorthy V, Daya Praveena A, Shidam Umakant G, Roy Gautam
机构信息
Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India.
Department of Community Medicine, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Puducherry, India.
出版信息
Int J Prev Med. 2014 Dec;5(12):1616-20.
BACKGROUND
India is currently suffering from an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; it is thus imperative to screen for cardiovascular risk factors in people visiting Primary Health Centers (PHCs). The objective of the study was to measure the amount of undiagnosed hypertension and selected cardiovascular risk factors present among the adult population through opportunistic screening at the PHC.
METHODS
A facility-based opportunistic screening program was carried out in a PHC in rural Puducherry. Patients and accompanying persons aged 30 years and above, who attended the daily outpatient department (OPD) were included. The OPD provides outpatient services and medical procedures or tests without requirement of an overnight stay, and functions for 4 h a day. Known hypertensive patients and pregnant women were excluded. Information on age, gender, diabetes status, and personal history of tobacco and alcohol use were collected using an interview schedule. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured, along with blood pressure and blood sugar using standard protocols. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg was taken as hypertension. SBP of 120-139 mm Hg and/or DBP of 80-89 mm Hg were taken as prehypertension.
RESULTS
A total of 324 participants were screened; 56.8% were females. The mean standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 47.7 (SD 12.6) years. Hypertension and prehypertension were present in 17.9% and 37.7% of the participants respectively. 17.3% participants had diabetes. 22.2% and 21.3% of all participants were current users of tobacco and alcohol respectively. Generalized obesity was present in 31.8% of the participants; 19.1% were overweight. 45.1% participants had central obesity.
CONCLUSIONS
A relatively large proportion of adults were found to have prehypertension and obesity, thus showing the need for early intervention.
背景
印度目前正遭受非传染性疾病的流行；因此，对前往初级卫生保健中心（PHC）就诊的人群进行心血管危险因素筛查势在必行。本研究的目的是通过在初级卫生保健中心进行机会性筛查，测量成年人群中未诊断出的高血压及选定的心血管危险因素的数量。
方法
在本地治里农村的一家初级卫生保健中心开展了一项基于机构的机会性筛查项目。纳入了年龄在30岁及以上且前往每日门诊部（OPD）就诊的患者及陪同人员。门诊部提供门诊服务以及无需过夜的医疗程序或检查，每天运行4小时。已知高血压患者和孕妇被排除在外。使用访谈问卷收集有关年龄、性别、糖尿病状况以及烟草和酒精使用个人史的信息。按照标准方案测量身高、体重和腰围，同时测量血压和血糖。收缩压（SBP）≥140和/或舒张压（DBP）≥90毫米汞柱被视为高血压。收缩压为120 - 139毫米汞柱和/或舒张压为80 - 89毫米汞柱被视为高血压前期。
结果
共筛查了324名参与者；其中56.8%为女性。参与者的平均标准差（SD）年龄为47.7（标准差12.6）岁。分别有17.9%和37.7%的参与者患有高血压和处于高血压前期。17.3%的参与者患有糖尿病。所有参与者中分别有22.2%和21.3%目前使用烟草和酒精。31.8%的参与者存在全身性肥胖；19.1%超重。45.1%的参与者存在中心性肥胖。
结论
发现相当大比例的成年人患有高血压前期和肥胖症，因此表明需要进行早期干预。
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