Stimulus familiarity improves consolidation of visual working memory representations.

Short-term consolidation is a process that stabilizes visual working memory (VWM) representations so that they are less susceptible to interference. The current study examined this process, specifically if training on specific shapes facilitated the consolidation of visual representations in working memory. Three experiments using two different training tasks compared performance between trained and novel stimuli using the backward masking paradigm. Experiment 1 used a four alternative forced choice task and found an overall advantage for trained shapes as well as evidence for faster consolidation for trained shapes and this cannot be explained by verbal labeling of the trained items (Experiment 3). Experiment 2 used a change-detection training task and showed no overall benefit of training but did show evidence of transfer of training to novel shapes. Taken together, these results show that long-term visual representations can facilitate VWM processing, but the type of training task used impacts the degree to which the long-term representations will affect VWM.